Transcript of Episode 93 - Radiation Sun Star Stellar Photons
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00:00:08| please put this LED bib over your crotchal area I'm talking about radiation x-rays gamma rays photons all sorts of electromagnetism going on around us is it dangerous can it cause
00:00:24| cancer what is even going on join us today and we're going to try and figure out what is going on with radioactivity so I'm Dan and I'm Nick books for old friends dissecting one topic at a time
00:00:48| people technology media we've got it all covered each discussion here is a deep dive in or unique perspective the taboo forbidden subjects they're all on the chopping block baby we don't pander to
00:01:02| popular opinion we might even get a little bit dirty warning this podcast may contain mature language and sexual content and is for entertainment purposes only so join us have a good
00:01:14| time open up your earholes [Music] all right to clarify that one there's two different types of radiation ionizing and non-ionizing the em1 is a
00:01:40| non ionizing because it just heats your body it warms you up it's like if you were to stand real quick if you were to stand backwards one step yes I'm Nick and I'm Dan just just wanted
00:01:57| really I got we ready yeah okay so if you were to stand next to an antenna like there's antennas all around you in your cell phone it heats your body like a very
00:02:06| tiny man doesn't hurt you but if you have of gigantic antenna that's trying to transmit very far it's generating a lot of energy and if you were staying really close to it you would actually
00:02:15| feel the warmth of the antenna as it heats your body series yes I didn't hear that sir Regis anyway huh be sure 100% so that's non ionizing four kinds yes why is that because it's radio waves
00:02:30| they're like harmless is that why yeah because it's so like the ionizing part is creating ions or charged particles so one like something hits you it creates a cascade so you're gonna have charged
00:02:40| particles cascading off your body or through your body train your body doing yes exactly it's a pinball machine of danger right well Robinson but a radio wave emitting thing because radio waves
00:02:55| are pretty weak folks at home radio waves and I'm really that big a deal yeah I'm not gonna scary pretty weak pretty weak they go long distances so let me tell you that new waves of energy
00:03:06| energy that we're talking about yeah pretty much closely we're talking about energy but mostly radiation tonight so get your science degree out you probably still
00:03:19| paying loans off then are $600 a month not a big deal hopefully you got a job doing god I'll ruling power plants is that what most people do mm-hmm yeah yeah anyway polish off your degree
00:03:32| huh yeah get it out and immediately jump in the comment section and tell us every tiny detail or wrong keyword we use it'll be great it would help us to know that granite has a little
00:03:45| I literally read this and thought it was false because my new job is with marble and or linen I'm not gonna get specific but uh the truth yeah that's like the whole plan that has like a little bit
00:03:58| sprinkled with it so grandpa's after Mike was that for it interesting because marble is limestone rock metamorphosized just extreme pressure and heat very similar to granite but not exactly
00:04:11| granite is actually igneous rock so it's it's rock made from magma mica feldspar something's from deep in the core areas of the earth in the mantle huh so actually that liquefied magma
00:04:27| interacts with different rock cools is hardens forms amazing stratification mm-hmm but that makes sense so now you're getting stuff that's deep in the earth deep in the earth is fairly
00:04:41| radioactive but it's completely harmless so okay it's not yeah no one's eating granted so it's not gonna get inside of you hopefully what if you're having sex with the granite slabs in the back at
00:04:54| work you're probably okay you're probably gonna well it depends how you're using it good point there are gonna get radiation is that what you're saying yeah everyone out there um so
00:05:10| let's start with I guess the source of it all stars stellar radiation the Sun slow down the earth is a Sun our Sun is a star I'm confused our Sun is a summer the Bible ha ha ha sorry if I've been a
00:05:28| Bible kid my whole no idea oh boy you're Tommy there's the Sun which the yellow one and then the stars that are tiny white dots are the same thing yes that's wild
00:05:40| I don't know that I believe it but I'm going to talk to my priest next Wednesday and we're going to see if you're a liar we should do it like interview different priests and get all
00:05:51| their answers but for those who don't know stars are all sons and sons are all stars so your mind folks oh god did I blow you priests blow you away
00:06:12| someone got excited I don't know so our Sun is a star it's in the general path of average even know I read somewhere that it was like 330 times the size of the earth that it was like if
00:06:35| you took the mass of our solar system the Sun was like 99.98% of the solar system it was that that's how massive it is and Jupiter was like probably point oh nine percent rest of the planets
00:06:48| combined really point zero zero zero zero one person probably you're probably spidel and I actually don't know what post massive and it's constantly crushing things inside of it super
00:07:00| massive super friggin hot I'm super friggin in the middle my friend Nicholas Copernicus said was in the middle and the Pope personal friend of his excommunicated him from
00:07:15| the church the Pope didn't like that wait the earth was flat wait was it I figure what he said no no they surmised I love they surmise that the earth rotated around the Pope was that it the
00:07:31| planets and the Sun rotated around the earth I'm kind of the center of attention I created us why wouldn't we be hanukkah's looking through all these
00:07:40| calculations like a telescope he's like I think we're circling the Sun is that that and he was like I'm just gonna publish his papers that okay boom they stamped it wrote excommunicated you're
00:07:52| no longer in the Catholic Church he had to serve jail time I only know this because his name is similar to mine so I was like oh but um yeah so he he was excommunicated served jail time and was
00:08:07| like blackballed by like tons of people because he said we circle something else the Sun the Sun yeah right Wow but literally we do it's the biggest
00:08:18| thing in the solar system as input and it gives us heat light and light and radioactive bursts radiation yeah revolution trying to kill us and he this at the same time yeah so helium and
00:08:38| hydrogen are all crushing together and it's making it so that what radiation is emitting from those particles as they get fused it's called fusion and at the same time the the outer areas of the Sun
00:08:51| they're having photons emitted from them a photon is generated from the change of an electron when it jumps up and down what did you know photons are generated closer to the core
00:09:02| oh they're I look at did you know did you know they're emitted from the early shoot yeah they emit outward from the core they shoot around in all these
00:09:11| convection zones which are constantly subverting heat and matter inwards and outwards kind of like an ocean current like sounds like that so yeah okay they're constantly shooting around a
00:09:23| photon can have been born and just be circulating and ping-ponging around and arcade bawling and moving around and Wizarding around inside the Sun for millions of years before it even reaches
00:09:37| the surface and then shoots straight out how would do they know that they just know dude this is a guy who literally worships science his whole life and he's like huh how do they know like I'm just
00:09:52| yeah I know you're clicking and research I wanna start up a nerd and but he researches me all my spur-of-the-moment knowledge and he's about to tell us all that if photons are nothing but
00:10:02| electromagnetic waves so I guess they could like radiating vibrate back and forth they could shift I don't think that I don't know that they flow around in circles but I'm not saying they do
00:10:14| but they do shoot around they go back and forth okay because of these convection zone so like if they're in us you know and anyway I'm not going to get too crazy and do it okay we can be
00:10:22| thousands upon thousands of years or photon generated finally reaches the earth the sun's surface and then shoots out at 300,000 kilometers per second no meters per second no kilometers no
00:10:36| meters meters thank you okay I believe something I don't know what it is I don't know what it is I don't know and I get coupons Christ it's 300,000 per all intensive purposes
00:10:54| you know correct me these four hundred thousand meters per second okay kilometers anyway do you know how long that takes to reach the earth at that point like seven minutes am i right
00:11:04| eight eight point three minutes for light to travel from the Sun to the earth so it shoots out here 300 thousand meters per second and eventually reaches degree huh um but this happens how many
00:11:17| time tell me what cons would you say the Sun generates oh I don't know I was actually can you so can you you can there I read a story about someone asked what was the weight of photons
00:11:30| hitting the earth and someone said almost nothing I'm gonna have to look this up a little bit of subatomic so that was what it was it was not that a photon doesn't weigh anything
00:11:48| so a photon weighs nothing but it has energy with it so the energy that a photon can impart can impart a force yes a tiny bit of force because trying to go check it yeah it's on the entire face of
00:12:01| the planet I believe this summary was that it's almost like someone is dropping like a very large car like a very massive car on the on earth constantly right but like that force is
00:12:16| almost nothing cuz the earth is so large but you can use it as like a solar sail so that was like some of the spacecraft ideas out there that you have this giant sail capturing all the force of photons
00:12:27| which will push push you away from the Sun and you got a big of a surface there you need them I don't know because you have no force that's pulling you back true yeah I
00:12:39| don't disagree with that but we're talking about the force of a car over the surface area facing the Sun so even half of the earth would be heaven on a large car wouldn't it it's kind of like
00:12:52| the the idea between like a neutron engine is that they fire just like one but they keep firing them over and over again so like the amount over time that you would move gets more and more you
00:13:02| get more and more acceleration as you have the solar sail because there's nothing stopping you yes it makes sense so keep accelerating indefinitely I don't have to double double check this
00:13:13| one of the three stream real quick what our Sun does is it eventually forces - it's so heavy it's so big it's so hot and gravity at its core is so powerful it's essentially forcing two hydrogen
00:13:26| atoms together which sounds like whoa hydron alien both I'm sure okay yes sir most science the episode ever and is tricky already the sun's tricky will be everything we say will be wrong
00:13:42| but it'll be close to being right so take it with a grain of entropy but the force is so strong that it shoves these two sub these two elements together so hard that they break the rules of the is
00:13:57| a weaker strong attractive force no idea damn it there's a rule work items they I think it's the strong one because the strong one is what the then so the neutrons are in between the protons we
00:14:09| didn't even talk about the structure yet so electrons on the outside protons and neutrons in the middle and the neutrons get in the way of the protons because if the protons were touching they'd be
00:14:16| forced away by like a force of like 20 pounds which would shoot them way out of it which is which one strong nuclear force is the one that Neutron provide sources of not touch like at this level
00:14:29| there's fundamental rules they don't touch so the Sun is like I'm so big I'm so heavy I'm so powerful you're gonna touch the Sun is essentially forcing things to touch that should not be
00:14:42| touched and I don't approve of it but it keeps us warm yeah it gives us life if it the Sun did exist we would I be dead right but it's forcing these things together and then they they
00:14:55| become highly unstable and they have to explode essentially the dumbest way to explain it yeah and the transfer of them combining together there's energy and
00:15:06| radiation and those on them on combining that happens both ways okay that's fine yes either way who won Nate when a couple forces released when they uncouple because they are screaming to
00:15:25| be released because that that's a very unnatural state for them and it's on the table weird they don't like touching each other they're related like they're you know I mean it's like what is it
00:15:36| like Nick cousins or something yeah I was gonna be like two cousins at gunpoint [Laughter] the gunman leaves really gonna do
00:15:50| they're not gonna finishing a pull apart so strong it just rips a hole in the tent up in the Poconos where they were forced it's like maybe in George Michael is that for those the two characters
00:16:00| yeah there's a couple lines a couple quotes I can we can dial back to we won't get into it hmm and Lizzie was pregnant yeah like dozens of times wait what yes
00:16:18| no we made that one like in a soup she was made like what like a you know anyway just to sum it up the Sun will literally run to all of its fuel at some point is forcing these two elements
00:16:39| together it burns through it it takes a real long time literally half the star's life you know think when when there's no more helium or hydrogen to merge together it's still trying to combine
00:16:50| things together and the things that it's combining together a larger nitrogen so it forces them together and at this point to force those two elements together it has to be bigger because you
00:17:04| need more gravity you need more downward force pushing these two things together and making them cousins in the tent you know what I mean you got to be a bigger man with a bigger gun so now this
00:17:15| is out to here it's not as hot anymore because it's to get more surface area but it's a bigger star so put your son right so then it actually runs through that quicker than it did the hydrogen
00:17:27| and helium much quicker and then all we got left is helium and c22 and which ones in a carbon and then neon it sounds like neon with it sure could be beyond why don't we know what any is then we're
00:17:44| throwing milk so at this point it's getting so big because it has two crushed bigger elements together like these these are bigger molecules like it's not like helium which you can push
00:17:58| together pretty easily these are like more complex structures and you're pushing them together so you need more weight more gravity more power you're getting bigger but you're also burning
00:18:09| through your full fuel faster and faster the next stop we got oxygen and carbon let's throw that in together those are both so much bigger than hydrogen helium it's kind of ridiculous
00:18:21| now the Sun is getting huge I'm talking huge people as our president might say so it's it's getting bigger it's getting crazier the next step it tries to force oxygen neon and magnesium together I
00:18:37| don't know if you guys have ever tried to course it's that's like and it's already gets awkward yeah they're saying that by the time this our Sun which will reach these stages in like five hundred
00:18:52| no three billion years I would say it's on the billion I thought it was the fork tonight we'll go in here three four billion years okay so our weight article our earth is that you know hold on we're
00:19:03| getting bigger bigger now the Sun is like literally right outside your front door it's like hitting mercury next stage it's got a hit Venis guess who's next folks us so its final stage
00:19:15| for most stars we're trying to fuse iron and nickel together and I don't know if you've ever done that it's nearly impossible I've tried it in my backyard right it's so big
00:19:34| the star is like it's beyond where earth is so we would be swallowed by the Sun congratulations we're gone it's over four billion years had a good run earth at that point fusion actually stops
00:19:48| because you can't force those two together via the constructs of gravity and standard models and flubbing through terms at this point but it's fine it can't and it literally comes crashing
00:20:02| down and explodes our boom explosion its shooting dust at every direction it's choosing all that hydrogen helium neon nitrogen carbon and if it's you know a bigger star like ours is like on the
00:20:16| medium size we got some neon magnesium we got silicon you got what's I don't even know what s is s is so glasses sodium no and then a sodium puts a pocket what is a solver I make sense
00:20:33| good big nickel ligand sulfur running around you're correct to get it okay but anyway I'm talking it just goes it's just spews a whole bunch of random stuff everywhere everywhere every element and
00:20:48| that's how we formed on earth and so that all that crap got thrown over the galaxy and then got sucked up and accreted well think of it this way yeah I mean this
00:20:57| has been happening for eons and eons and that's how when that solar dust and galactic wind takes it wherever the hell it wants the universe at some point couple billion years who knows maybe it
00:21:08| starts spinning these starts gathering some ice forms gets all thick starts getting together well now you got that neon in there you got some ice mix well we got some iron
00:21:19| you get on earth Millar's engine carbon dioxide is when the universe started was just hydrogen I think right and then eventually we got higher denser
00:21:30| and denser Sirius density kind of gives us more elements gives us more flexiblity as we're stuff boom okay well that nickel and iron and stuff that's literally alive in our bodies today it
00:21:44| ain't from the ground it's from stars that's pretty cool we're made of like the star dust those remains of stars and star dust literally yeah kind of cool so and also radiations us go bad which is
00:22:00| our next step yeah so along with the photons and the radiation that come from the Sun we have our planet so I guess what are the things that protect us from those if you're on the space station
00:22:13| you're still within Earth's atmosphere it magnetosphere it's still protecting you from a certain amount of radiation and then you have to hold the ship that also protects you from some and there
00:22:25| are moments that they need to hide in certain areas that are more shielded because of radiation events they know ahead of time like is there like we may have multiple a suite a family of
00:22:38| radiation detectors which can tell them ahead of time slightly okay like 20 minutes I'm security probably have a few minutes okay if you're pooping and you just started pooping oh well yeah
00:22:51| luckily there's a slight vacuum and the poop just right out so you're good quick drop and go Thanks so the earth does the same thing for us we have atmosphere above us that is just deflecting all the
00:23:06| radiation so nullifying it and then the manganese sphere the ozone all that stuff saving us from photons and radiation Agni this fear is it stomach magnets we have magnets yeah it's the so
00:23:19| the earth has a core that's magnetic and then it's made of nickel nickel and iron I believe iron those are too heavy heavy substances yeah very heavy I think I know where they can I can't start
00:23:32| when mm-hmm interesting just those spinning causes some kind of magnetic sphere right yeah yeah back so that's rotating spin over each other mm-hmm gives us that strong magnetic
00:23:46| field that just over everything so that all this radiation kind of hits it and uh just like see that yeah you can see it through the aurora well that's great good rora borealis is one of the other
00:24:03| yeah folks that's literally our magnetic shield kicking radiations ass a little bit right exactly the particles hitting our field that would otherwise have maybe hit us and
00:24:19| just going it's like a light saber essentially mm-hmm and there's to Aurora's there's a roar borealis and Aurora Australis for the Southern Lights we like the borealis we never heard
00:24:33| about those droughts ones because who cares about those aren't that many people don't see those and they see that one I assume I mean they're not evil they're a fish what about Antarctica I
00:24:44| guess could you see it in parts if you were habitable biddable I guess you could yeah The Hobbit so that's one of the curious things that like ghosts or the poles and then these fields are also
00:24:54| like through the planet so I think it's like off-kilter a little bit so there's another thing is but so is our tilt mmm-hmm yes hopefully related yeah so with the the Space Station thing where
00:25:08| it's rotating around the earth in different paths there's a certain path that goes over the South Atlantic anomaly which is right where one of those I think they're called Van Allen
00:25:20| belts it like goes through the earth like 15 years you see we've got memory lane I hope people falling along super plant planets have those uh it depends on the planet I think ray it has there
00:25:36| not many in it field yeah I don't think any of her in an our solar sister does Judah does I entered once and I won't you don't see it like that because they have to have a lick
00:25:45| would and solid core and I believe mercury don't it's fried to hell Venus don't cuz it doesn't get ours does Mars house there's a liquid and in the Attic of Mars liquid the inner core is solid
00:26:03| the rotation of the liquid over the solid is actually what causes the field I thought right Mars has like a core some mantle and that's it but I think it's heavy metal I don't believe it's
00:26:16| anything legit jupiter has the biggest magnetic field in like the universe that might mean a Romar's to sources I don't think Mars has a magnetic need is fair anymore that's what I said I said it
00:26:31| doesn't have one okay just make sure I thought you said you did it did oh no no I thought you said earth are you are the earth to us yeah okay okay that's cool might yeah
00:26:46| so that so they're the Van Allen belts for redirecting radiation the South Atlantic anomaly that is is actually going through like the tip of South America and like some part of the ocean
00:27:00| too so when the space station is rotating through they know that that certain path has an excess of radiation so they know to prepare for it they can see it and plan for it how long does it
00:27:12| take them to go around the earth I thought it was 30 minutes oh that's wild so every time they go over well do they only go over to that spot once every like month because their trajectory
00:27:23| changes every time or is it the same path every day I have no idea it's a path that shifted by I don't know how many I've only seen this like graphically displayed so I would assume
00:27:34| that it probably goes through like maybe three passes and maybe it's like a maybe hundreds of miles wide so it might shift its path by a hundred or so miles every time it passes the earth and it keeps
00:27:44| pushing that oh does that mean what does that mean um we get like like it could be weeks before you even worry about that again or am I talking like a day like where you
00:27:59| it's random I think it might be a week every other week or so it may seems reasonable that's might be bullshit but it seems reasonable to me those reasons will make this great talking on a
00:28:13| podcast folks that's called being a star and I don't mean the kind that blow up and shoot iron and coal and oxygen everywhere all over the universe so I guess you hit us the right way we might
00:28:26| explode and you're waiting for me and I was like that's fine how do you detect radiation do you know I'm gonna tell you I don't but yes you can actually a Geiger counter
00:28:47| oh yeah so their methodology for doing it is uh oh we got one they usually have ghost busters about okay pal yeah the ways I've seen it done is it usually it's like a very high
00:29:04| voltage so you're kind of adding energy as things pass through it and it rips the electrons off of that piece of radiation and then redirects it towards what's called a Faraday cup and then you
00:29:15| can pick up that very small piece of radiation and measure it and you can bin it and tell you it can tell you like what type of radiation it is so technically is it a drop in voltage it's
00:29:25| we register as a spy area in radiation yes that's crazy that's cool so if you're reading a steady current a voltage and it drops because things are ripping away
00:29:37| electrons yeah it's it's exactly it's ionizing the medium that you're providing so usually the medium is propane it's like a very pure version of propane no kiddin I didn't know this I
00:29:50| can be other mediums too but the ones I've spare them propane is really reactionary that's my god yeah yeah sweet do I didn't do that so I want to say where's the next
00:30:04| natural direction like nuclear stuff or you want to talk about a discovery of we can talk about the types of radiation okay so there's five different types there's alpha beta x-ray gamma and
00:30:18| neutron so alpha is actually quite large it's one of the larger ones that background radiation no there's well there's galactic cosmic radiation which is always happening which is just like a
00:30:32| spew of stuff and it's like you know you can't tell what that is if you were to measure yeah if you had some really sensitive device and you put it down in your table every now and then it would
00:30:44| get hit that's how they discovered cosmic radiation background they're getting random random pings yeah I mean I've measured it before and you could it definitely is it's it's measurable over
00:31:02| a period of time for the audience for the lay man when the universe began they think explode out of a Big Bang correct mm-hmm boom well all that stuff doesn't stop
00:31:15| Energy's still going keeps going because nothing nothing stops energy unless it hits a solid object or it converts that energy to something else right so it's just still going always going right
00:31:27| nothing will ever stop it until hit something or whatever reacts with something that energy has been going on for how many billion years breanne oh I don't know that we know how
00:31:37| old the universe is we had a pretty good number I'm I thought we had for the earth it was like 4.5 sighs ago the universe with a 16-bit age of the universe I thought it was ten times that
00:31:53| I know it 16 but I could be off I really literally 13.8 billion years I don't know how we know that it was hit by a meteor I think this is the meteor that hit in Arizona New Mexico universe god
00:32:07| dammit stop confusing and not not evil it's not each of the you universe the meteor that hit the earth was older than what the earth was yeah and now I think that's where they got the number from no
00:32:21| this is age of the universe weren't rocks back then how could there be a meteor you're you're out of your zone you better you better take a step back mmm
00:32:30| there were no rocks there were no meteors I'm talking the age of the universe right not our solar system anyway the idea was 13.8 billion years ago our universe exploded from a small
00:32:44| point to a very large point this energy has cooled down but it's still traveling it's lost some of it some frequency so and it's lost its temperature so now it resonates at two point four degrees
00:32:58| Kelvin which is like almost zero it's the coldest that's how a constant in the universe no no we it's the trajectories of our relative planet so that we can see it all started from a general area
00:33:11| and that that area would have taken X amount of time to get to where we are now okay with that proportional test it was all centralized but I was just going to say this this energy is still out
00:33:23| there today yeah it's spreading through the universe just constantly it's always going it's part of the universe essentially it's as far as we can see into the universe but
00:33:34| what's funny is if it were a higher level like if it were vibrating in a larger frequency it could be visible like it would just be lugging as far as we could say it'd
00:33:45| be like in a room just filled with like light how annoying might not be just a universe filled with light like a microwave like almost this microwave below or above radio waves it's in that
00:34:00| zone right oh man you're making me I'm sorry I was trying to bounce off because I don't know the answer but anyway it's like super cooled off it's super low-key and when scientists were taking pictures
00:34:11| of like the universe or like it's really fuzzy we're getting all this feedback it's like that's everywhere in the universe and that all has an origin one point that's why we're pretty sure there
00:34:22| was a big old bang or everybody got together and kaboom kaboom cabal so microwaves are a lower frequency than visible light just below visible light microwave Henri
00:34:39| yeah microwave radio and then ultra-low frequency once and then above it above visible light is ionizing radiation cool that's not like our next step yes yes yes the easy HTTP so back to the types
00:34:56| we talk about galactic cosmic radiation the alpha particles so they're very big particles they're 2 neutrons and two protons that get knocked out of the nucleus of another atom look at the big
00:35:11| ol does it have to be it could be any atom it has to have at least 2 protons and 2 neutrons I don't know which ones it is specifically I think there's still a bunch the interesting fact here is
00:35:25| that like the think they since they're larger it's slower plus it also gets captured by other things so like if you have a piece of paper it's not gonna go through the piece of paper so it's
00:35:33| completely harmless yeah it will get caught on paper yeah so like a piece of papers on protective with that's awesome yes now the only caveat there is that you don't want to swallow the Alpha
00:35:46| source because it will then emit radiation inside your body and that could possibly get stuck somewhere radiation going people have swallowed radiation sources by accident before I
00:36:00| could be in liquid something's up there but by accident like that kind of a situation well they're like I think the Russian spies have used this to poison people before like they put radioactive
00:36:09| liquid inside of drinks so that when that person drinks it they become radioactive it can kill them pretty quickly depending on that's why are you acting yes depending on the
00:36:20| radioactivity yeah yeah so then you have beta particles there's a little different they can emit electron or positron which is the opposite of electron kind of we're not gonna explain
00:36:33| it don't worry about it but that can actually go through paper and then it would hit like maybe wood or a little bit um and stop so again you're protected if you're
00:36:42| wearing clothing usually if if you're wearing clothing orgy around yeah folks don't don't pull a Marie Curie do some science naked not saying that she did I'm just if she did
00:37:03| that was a mystery don't know yeah so the next ones are smaller and they make less sense so x-ray everyone's had an x-ray before it could pierce through your body you can get you know densities
00:37:14| of your body by looking at an x-ray because the densities block some of it it makes the picture lighter or darker depending on that and then gamma there both of those are types of waves so it's
00:37:27| like a it's kind of like flowing through you an energy flowing through you a good way and in a good way so things like iron or lead they're really thick and they slow them down enough to stop them
00:37:38| you can also use water and water is what the neutrons get stuck in as well the neutrons they fall in love with the polar uh nature of water that's great thing yeah I think as water is really
00:37:51| dense we talked about was it specific heat of water that's like one of them both telling you with one of the weirdest substances yeah the universe it's squishy
00:38:02| yeah renowned squishy yeah no yeah it's it's like a complex moving things I said hydrogen bonds polarity specific heat one of those three things probably covers it
00:38:16| we probably covered it yeah and by squishy I don't mean non-newtonian it means water is incompressible so that's that helps because there doesn't get pushed out of the way it's not it's not
00:38:26| a pushover and that's the types so I covered up alpha beta x-ray gamma and that's why we get a lead bit right yeah that's why it protects your balls I hopefully is long
00:38:41| enough to cover your balls what movie is it I started to say this before the podcast there's a movie where a guy is talking to his dentist he's like a guy no big deal and they got like the things
00:38:51| teamed right it is junk and then the bit there but as the dentist walks away or the doctor walks away the bid falls they take all these exercise and I think this is like he gets a
00:39:02| settlement from the state for it but like it's like a sad moment and it's like Joe Dirt or it's a movie like that and I've seen a movie or something where you feel bad for the main character
00:39:15| because he's like everyone kicks on them and like here he is back in 1994 and he finds that like a Joe Dirt's father or something now it's oh maybe I dunno now it's just someone slapping kill like
00:39:30| he'll be fine you know just hang out here and we'll take a picture and then like it slides off and he's like that bad like so that was with one of the things like working with radiation you
00:39:42| fear for your balls because it's like the same thing with chemo is like all your rapidly generating cells can be affected by the radiation going through them same thing with your jeans like
00:39:54| your DNA can be changed so if you have a radiation source near your balls your genes could change and then you could express them to somebody else who could then make a modified human the best way
00:40:07| of saying it freak mutant I said okay weird so what does radiation do to ourselves exactly I would say on the large scale if you've looked at so I looked at radiation sickness and the
00:40:23| people that have it it's like they have holes in their bodies like it every now and then like if you're look at someone's forearm it'd be like they'd be like looking at
00:40:31| freckles but the freckles on an x-ray would be the holes generated by the energy that the x-ray has deposited there or the the radiation is the positive there so those plays this wise
00:40:42| it's important cuz usually we have a hole the body repairs it funny yeah I don't think on that scale so like not only is there a massive amount of heat so most people get like some heat issues
00:40:55| they also have like just their atomic level although what's going on every single thing on their body is getting affected by that radiation plus their DNA changings or like if you get hit
00:41:06| with it and it doesn't kill you you probably have cancer later on and the cancer is gonna be like throughout your whole body because all of your DNA is now flip
00:41:13| change all right cool so I did some research into this and I'm trying to recall my my college but uh you know what did you come across hormesis I have no idea what that is all right cool so
00:41:28| the idea is anytime you get a large dose of radiation it's bad it can least increases in cancer what it essentially does is it hits your DNA strands and just gives them all some rip
00:41:40| some quality stuff sometimes it keeps them in part but wobbles them around so then I'm gonna tries to duplicate you're making like mangled DNA that doesn't serve the damn purpose it's mutating it
00:41:53| essentially yeah well the idea was large amounts of radiation will give you large amounts of change so they start doing tests so moderate amounts of radiation should give you moderate amounts of
00:42:03| change and low doses of radiation or LDRs it becomes important because this is a sticking point OPRS it should give you low but negative changes your body is in actively correcting the changes
00:42:16| that happen due to radiation all the time correct so what's interesting is they're not allowed to do these tests on humans anymore it's very highly debated and the last article I read on it was
00:42:27| from 2015 so I don't know that we've put this to bed but the idea was low-dose radiation actually isn't bad for people they've been doing Studies on rats and mice and things which they can do the
00:42:40| one and apparently low doses of radiation force the cells to go into what's called like a cell radiation repair thing um they they compared it a little bit to any high stressor placed
00:42:52| on yourselves in a low amount like exercise fasting extreme cold I know Mark Wahlberg does that and I was from the therapy anko but um doing that in small doses forces your body to come and
00:43:05| repair these hills and while it's repairing this it's not actually a super threat it starts repairing other cells it's like oh we're here to fix everything let's repair everything let's
00:43:14| make everything cold proof let's really get to it exercise does something similar fasting does something similar the idea is low-dose radiation they they found in
00:43:25| mice at least that and even in gestation when Mikes are pregnant they've been hitting them with low-dose radiation those mics that are born they didn't have any mutations may
00:43:38| be a coincidence maybe not when they hit them in their childhood with radiation again there was less effect on those mice that I'm than a mouse not affected by radiation earlier on so it sells that
00:43:50| almost adapted to radiation poisoning radiation problems and they were like we see this all the time it's not a big deal again in low doses any high dose would kill anything but low dose builds
00:44:02| up a tolerance against radiation and they surmise may I say then eventually it we're doing space travel it might not be a bad idea to get low-dose radiation as a part of our preparation a little
00:44:18| bit because you're going to get affected by radiation it's already proven that these mice they they reacted better to diabetes healing I'm not sure why diabetes but
00:44:29| maybe that was the only one that proved positive I'm not here to vie for them just that the 2015 article seemed to do a good job but it was like too much of something is a very bad thing but is
00:44:41| there a minimum radiation level where maybe your body and cells can learn from it and so I have heard stories of people that so like when you're testing like a radiation detector you have a beam of
00:44:56| radiation that is hitting the detector I've heard stories of people getting in the way of the beam and it like hitting part of their body and like that part of the body regenerates and looks younger
00:45:07| than the other part of the body but again I don't know how scientifically valid that is or if it like very little is done like the consequences of having that happen 10 years later so you don't
00:45:20| know if there's some sort of cancerous effect that happens as a latent effect that's what they said about the mice they were like it's only been 10 years of studies like in 20 years it turns out
00:45:30| that all of these LDRs low-dose radiation close cancer then I guess it's not worth it anyway yeah and that's part of the problem with doing like a round trip to Mars is that
00:45:39| you get a whole bunch of radiation that you wouldn't be able to account for protect from once you leave earth no magnetosphere now you got the ship in that's yeah protecting it they surmise
00:45:49| that you ignorant you would have to have to like a store of water that was blocking you so they probably have like an area of the ship that would be like covered in a wall of water yeah they
00:45:59| still just jump in the pool guys let's we'll get warm oh my god 3d turds this is just tracted - i had it no it was right around when you started talking about getting the radiation
00:46:24| low-dose radiation should we pass it over you'll come back to it no damn it was perfect so we can talk about human health because one of the cool things the cool things I I experience a little
00:46:39| yes the cool thing was so in order to test certain things you have to take it to an area that makes radiation essentially so that they make high high-energy beams or high energy systems
00:46:53| yeah pretty side effects oh yeah make sense yeah so there's there's like sources and sources you can just kind of like open a window and then like it hits it but it's
00:47:03| not very strong and it's not very consistent so like in order to measure like a certain amount they usually do it for electronics like mean time to failure they'll hit it with a certain
00:47:12| amount of radiation to prove that it's gonna last a certain amount of time and electronics collect and radiation so they absorb heat and gather electrons so if you were running something that has
00:47:24| maybe like it's older it's like thicker it's more robust and doesn't get affected by radiation as much but things that are newer yes so like newer technologies are more
00:47:37| susceptible to radiation could a man dinner there's nowhere else for the against the surface there's no surface area yeah there's less of it I would call it a service area
00:47:47| yeah yeah even though I'm sure it's more complicated I'm sorry yes no that will simplify it that way so like certain things like memory arts like memory cards get damaged
00:47:56| really quickly or like the newer processors get damaged pretty quickly so space industry is looking pretty hard for those like still yes I do yeah a little like you stick in a little great
00:48:07| thing have great cartridge it would hold up better in space than an i7 processor so you're saying to the to compare it to the same memory if you had a NAND flash role I can't compare the two but
00:48:23| sticking ones of processor but I just wanted to make that sorry that's a different functionality so I won't compare the two yeah but if you have like a nude like NAND flash like one of
00:48:36| the one new new flash cards like that would get damaged in the first probably okay mmm interesting so back to the so in order to hit it with a certain amount of radiation they have something called
00:48:46| a cyclotron which is like it's this thing that spins up like literally spins up in like a circle radiation and then like they have like a whole disc of radiation that they kind of like
00:48:57| redirect through pipes there are literal pipes in the ceiling and they're like deflecting it so they have these different rooms to hit with the radiation and those rooms get like
00:49:08| really staticky it's really weird has like all the extra electrons they you can feel them that's it's interesting and then the one I went to is actually part of a medical facility so we were in
00:49:21| the basement testing things and we would get windows in between when they're helping patients with cancer I was called proton therapy so it was really really so proton therapy is the whole
00:49:36| goal is that you're directing a beam into a person's body and then the radiation has a certain kind of like time to live it hits a certain depth and then it will release its energy so if
00:49:48| you can direct it right on the cancer then the cancer can take the full dose of the energy and it destroys its DNA it also heats it up and then it killed it literally where I was going when I
00:50:00| forgot my turn is any time radiation therapy in general didn't have to be the proton one but how does that how do they make it happen like that how do they know I guess they hit a cluster
00:50:14| of cancer cells yes they map it out ahead of time oh oh yeah dude it's just like yeah we're just gonna spray it all over your body you'll be fine you say your arm right okay let's hit so so they
00:50:34| map a cluster let's say it's I'm picking my arm because it's an extremity it's easier for me to imagine uh-huh uh-huh I don't why I get into there yeah so let's say I had cancer here to here so we zero
00:50:44| in on here to here we zero in on the depth of the cancer and we literally shoot for kind of the middle of the cancer block and we shoot radiation at it radiation that we just discussed is
00:50:57| not good so a high dose we hit right here we go bring the middle the cancer and we hope this radiation screws up this cancer cells so bad that it just breaks them apart and on top of that
00:51:11| they can't reproduce on top of that they keep energy that me hasn't dispersed somehow and maybe heats up some of the cancer surrounding it it's mostly the ripping of the DNA of the cancer cells
00:51:23| so they can't even come back from it so but also in doing that you're probably gonna hit a whole bunch of innocent cells to correct right yeah so the coolest part of it is that they use
00:51:34| protons because protons of a specific distance and then they go off their energy I think it's called like Broga like dia the the spike of energy and the drop-off is very specific with that
00:51:46| proton energy so they do that and they also in order like they map out what the cancer looks like and they have a 3d image of it and then they take a blank which is like a brass plate that's like
00:51:58| three inches thick that's how they modulate how far in it damages it so they'll give you this breast plate and then machine out like the the reverse of what your cancer looks like so that it
00:52:10| slows down the particle enough so that will drop at a specific location that's really it's really cool so what is the brass toe it hits it and that is yeah interesting
00:52:23| it makes the distance shorter for that proton to drop its energy and we know the distance exactly because yeah it's been tested it out and they ever have a cyclotron where they're measuring the
00:52:34| exact amount of energy that's captured in that radiation it's pretty cool yeah it's sweet stuff sweet stuff so shout out I wanted to move on to the next segment on this is literally just one
00:52:49| thing it's pretty quick all the UM Flags we've placed on the moon come across it I didn't how many fights we got up there it was like 10 2 or 3 2 or 3 we didn't give their manes I think I hit 2 or 3 I
00:53:04| mean I need google it I was just imagining do you know what color they are 6 man US landings they're not the normal color are they different color no they're all white because of radiation
00:53:15| uh hmm think about that isn't that crazy we should make a white flag for a country and claim we went to the moon I guess otherwise huh I guess I never realized that like stuff that left was
00:53:29| left in the Sun slowly fades I think they say um weren't the astronauts but footprints finally gone by now I think I don't know about that one time okay don't you say they weren't it's not
00:53:41| there's no erosion on the moon it's just way way way less than the earth I mean they're still wind the vague amounts of wind which we won't get into the flag-waving but anyway I think that was
00:53:54| set up by them to look like it was way back on the earth yes if you live near a nuclear power plant you are actually submitted to slightly more radiation than the average person
00:54:09| yes do you know that if you also live near a coal fire power to town we are submitted to way more radiation but it's true so this is the banana theory right oh we're gonna get into the
00:54:25| banana theory yes sir let's let's tell everyone at home to check out this graph so I'm gonna click on the graph right now it's free public discourse your that baby yes it was public domain so like
00:54:40| bananas accrue potassium it's a point one mic receiver that's called radiation dosage radiation dose chart so bananas accrue an isotope of potassium because they have a lot of potassium the chances
00:55:00| are that they have more radiation than other fruits it's the same thing because potassium is a heavier element that why I don't know that it's heavier just has a an isotope that exists then doesn't
00:55:13| confer you active so it's the same thing with like eating red meat they say red meat is bad for you can cause cancer of your intestines and what saw what looked like what's what have
00:55:23| you heard this before no no this is because of radiation yeah because a cow is eating fields of grass which is getting hit daily with radiation and absorbing it so the cow is
00:55:36| then internalizing all the radiation which then gets in its meat and the meat is then getting internalized by you so it's a concentration of area and like a large area of radiation so you have a
00:55:47| higher chance of the radiation getting in your body and then getting your intestines and causing us some sort of colorectal cancer so check this you know smokers take equal over 300 chest x-rays
00:56:01| over a year 300 a graph know what's what is this at with lead with lead with late' okay but you're still it's like getting an additional it's riesling every day you're getting an x-ray almost
00:56:15| a little bit almost almost do you know why though I thought this is the most interesting part is it also the same thing because of the plant a little bit concentrated because of the plant is
00:56:25| fertilized with certain radioactive elements because the higher amount of polonium-210 it's in the fertilizer not in the other stuff that causes cancer it's literally in the polonium the that
00:56:41| tobacco is fertilized and in I was like wait it's not the cancer-causing stuff but nope it's the fertilizer really that's the radiation nitrogen not to be confused with all the
00:56:54| carcinogens that are in cigarettes also I did not know this this is kind of fascinating so literally the fertilizer tobacco is filled with is radioactive to us extremely small degree but more than
00:57:13| so I'm not using right check this one sleeping next to someone emits radiation because your body's emitting radiation in point zero 5 micro that's B's whatever an SV is right I guess you're
00:57:32| assuming because they're somewhat radioactive because they've been in fertilizing mint yeah you're battling a human body right you're emitting radiation right yeah so that fertilizer
00:57:43| thing is they're using fertilizers that contain traces of heavy metals high concentrations of naturally occurring radio nuclei radiation so let's say you get a dental
00:57:58| x-ray yep that's 5 mike rowe espys okay make sense right Millie look at that familiar micro I said like what is that nilly you the you yeah its micro yet you're right
00:58:15| you're right - testin testin you so so a dental x-ray the ear you know you have to lead bid for and everything well if you were taking a plane ride from New York to LA it's already eight times Mac
00:58:38| that much more radiation do you know why yes because you're above certain zones right yeah you have less atmosphere above you for one and you're moving much faster you're going you're going through
00:58:52| a lot of atmosphere they're covering a lot of ground and you got a lot less air and atmosphere above you so you're getting exposed to a lot of radiation
00:59:01| did you know aircraft pilots and stewardesses and stuff are considered high-risk radiation people hmm might make sense if they're constantly in the air yes they are so it's a more
00:59:15| dangerous job than most people most people think I see anything else interesting right there like god I didn't know that mammogram is 400 micro s Li that's a lot so the max for a
00:59:31| yearly dose for a radiation workers 50 millisieverts right so that's on a scale of what you can maximum the maximal you can get it's a hundreth right sounds about right
00:59:43| who you compared it to I'm sorry I think the maximum yearly dose for a radiation worker is 50 millisieverts okay so that's an 400 micro is a point for ya so it's around a hundred so if
00:59:58| you get a hundred mammograms you're 40 milli so see worth so you're getting close we're getting close with 100 nanograms oh that's crazy but then we get into the redzone radiation worker
01:00:16| one-year dose limit fifty no check this out okay cool so 50 of these doses is the maximum one year limit for radiation worker right yeah I'm looking at the graph that has the RN trick eret right
01:00:35| right two times that is the lowest link to cancer yeah so if you get double this your allotment you're probably gonna get out two years two years do it right if you
01:00:47| work one-year dose it says lowest one-year dose so if you get that much in a year in a year it's like okay I know how to read English I'm pretty good pretty good at this English thing thank
01:01:04| check that out all the all the green charts combined equal to 75 you almost nothing right that's why so they I have curious story so in Japan they had that earthquake which then damaged the
01:01:20| Fukushima yeah fukushima fukushima plant say it 3,000 times so they apparently had old technology and it didn't shut off properly and they couldn't cool the cores and the cores
01:01:33| melted well rods yeah we'll talk about what that actually means in a minute but the story that I heard was pretty fascinating was that Japanese is like a society centric culture and they said
01:01:44| that the older people were volunteering to go to clean it up because they knew that it would help the younger people survive longer they knew their life wasn't as long and they were gonna get
01:01:54| cancer they're gonna die anyway so you have these people that are like in their clean up the mess wow that's pretty good Spanish yeah no ok so that's a form of seppuku I guess Oh F in the old people
01:02:15| old people are effing us so let's talk about I guess nuclear power nuclear weapons sure it's where it naturally goes right so you don't talk about Nick's nuclear weapons the two that were
01:02:27| dropped in Japan since we're already on the gym in Japan topic yeah Batman a little boy drunk from the Enola Gay on Nagasaki and Hiroshima really but you know again I think they're both the same
01:02:40| plane that's fair I always hunted sure yeah the Enola Gay was actually named after one of the pilots mothers so that's pretty awful yeah it killed like a hundred thousand people in the first
01:03:02| week instantly how many it was I think the numbers were like 125,000 so I'm just gonna say over a hundred thousand people within the first like couple days so that's the awful part of it is that
01:03:13| if you're not killing the blast you're hit with a bunch of heat hit with a bunch of radioactive stuff puts holes in your whole body that you can't even see but they slowly like melt
01:03:24| your body you just dissolve essentially and your body can't function so are the holes on a microscopic level - like your liver has holes your kidney has holes yeah things are bleeding together I
01:03:36| guess it's like a percentage of lost functionality over your whole body weird and it can vary where you wherever you get hit with the radiation so so those weapons work on a principle that you're
01:03:48| I think it was a like highly enriched uranium is put in a sphere which is then ignited causing it to rapidly give off heat and caused a chain reaction of either uranium which sends more charged
01:04:08| particles more ionizing radiation into other uranium which then causes a again cascade of energy than what yeah that's what causes the big boom big bada boom so that is awful that's horrible and I
01:04:25| don't know I mean that's one of the highly debated things that should we have used it I think we're like three months after the after we technically won world war two and Japan was still
01:04:35| fighting I'll say this I hear that a lot and the immediate reaction by me is no no one to use that ever it ruins the soil kill somebody entered some people the earth can't even grow in
01:04:49| heels but I will say this not in defense of it but um if we didn't someone eventually would and I think in doing so I think the world realized how terrible it was I mean even in it being a bad
01:05:05| decision it was decision made that may affect future decisions so if we had not dropped those bombs no one still knows if it's as bad as we say it is do don't I mean it's more a moniker of even the
01:05:22| US didn't it's bad news I think actually seeing how bad something is might make it I might make it the realization of evil Abed and that future generations can
01:05:35| learn from that cannot do it can realize this is the goddamn worst thing you can do so not that it's good but from the what the future from your youth deal with Harry tear you literally you touch
01:05:50| I can't say it for some reason you Leterrier turn you latarian yeah it is goddamnit mother effer area to write a greater good for the greater enemy yeah the trade for a trade so I think our
01:06:03| losses were somewhere in like the 1 million to 2 million range could actually look at this up in like two seconds so it's this half a million for World War two I don't know if that's
01:06:20| true it doesn't sound right I'm trusting Wikipedia but whatever military wounded so I guess dead and wounded is about a million people so if you're gonna do one
01:06:33| thing to end all wars or end the war at the present time which kills a hundred thousand people it might prevent a hundred thousand of your people dying to utilitarianism says it's probably better
01:06:45| moved but highly debated plus it the ecological effects mmm geological effects to keep grow anything they're still yeah and at least there's there's one thing I read that I didn't know is
01:07:01| that when nuclear bombs were starting to be created there was an accord that said that there had to be a second world power to buy off on them so the UK Winston Churchill actually bought off on
01:07:12| the bombing as well right mm-hm damn yeah drop bombs again though um you knew it was bad I don't think they knew helped bed it was and then dropping and I think they realized that was bad I
01:07:28| mean I mean there's no nice way to put it and I'm not saying it's right but I am saying there was a reaction yeah just plus I also think the Soviet Union was like okay we're gonna help you out and
01:07:41| it's like whoa whoa so Soviet Union moved towards Japan and took a part of Japan you would forever have Russia involved in your hemisphere you're closer to your husband's
01:07:51| hemisphere so there's strategic as well so the the function of the nuclear bomb is that you have verses like a reactor rod is that you have something that's highly enriched that rapidly explodes
01:08:05| and causes a cascade the nuclear power side of it is that it's not as enriched so it's a slower burn it's creating heat in a controlled fashion most of the time unless you lose the the features that
01:08:19| are protecting you like Fukushima or Chernobyl I think did Three Mile Island burned down I don't know there was I think they I think they saved it yet so those things are are why nuclear power
01:08:34| works how it works it's kind of like a slow heating of water in a controlled fashion that has protections and then the water turns to steam it turns turbines it's yeah yeah it's weird that
01:08:50| it's like the old the first technology to create a generator steam and then we're still using that steam method via nuclear power baby that's pretty interesting I feel like there's probably
01:09:01| a more effective way but the fact that millions of scientists and ecologists and economists and people who want to make money they haven't figured it out yet so maybe maybe it's yet to be
01:09:11| figured out I guess yeah a nuclear power is only about 10 percent of the world output of power as of 2010 have we talked about all the meltdowns and everything below voila mm-hm
01:09:26| when these things happen nothing can live all life dies etc etc did you know they um in twenty sixteen twenty fourteen somewhere in there I read the article two fungi were found in
01:09:38| Chernobyl I read a lot about the animals to some of the animals changed then we can you know at least with the fungi they were melanin based so they would feed on melanin which is what makes our
01:09:50| skin scary enough holy shit they would hold on so I don't think they could take you skin and just use it as fuel but in the chemical form melanin gets mutated a lot
01:10:02| in radiation well they were using it as fuel and I think it was like just making hyper fuel for the hyper food they were growing 500 times faster in the radiation concentrated zones than
01:10:13| anywhere else which is also interesting for scientists they think that if we could control that and like maybe use that to our advantage that would be perfect space growing food wouldn't it
01:10:25| how so well how would you fuel it oh no no like radiation if you went out into a spaceship oh and they could absorb the radiation and change it into some usable energy hey turn it into food or fuel or
01:10:41| something you can use that because radiation kills everything it touches or ruins everything but these fungi I almost said plant but we all know fungi are someone else a
01:10:53| different party or something else another interesting thing is uh in underground gold mines in South Africa there's um right in the uranium ores there's a lot of radiation naturally
01:11:06| happening they found exotic bacteria it actually transformed the radiation into food as well there's a wait a second Firmicutes so like the nuclear waste that's
01:11:22| generated from power plants that's buried waste right right that's a two phone yeah okay so it's buried in two places I think I forget what it was I want to name them but they pretty much
01:11:34| one of them in the US there are two places than us in like Washington there is one in Washington Oh red that's one of the worst spots to grow food or so yeah mess with them so they can no
01:11:47| longer do it so when I was called the more some operation which takes radioactive waste and stores it and Moore's Illinois maybe I don't know but that's the only one exists because the
01:12:00| previous one was under a mountain I didn't save that damn link where's that damn like I don't have it I won't say something similar do you know they think the Italian mob
01:12:10| was dumping waste and radioactive materials into the Mediterranean and to this day all headed Tyrrhenian the Mediterranean Sea is the most radioactive of all bodies huge bodies of
01:12:22| water I think comparatively I mean like point oh one four percent to touch Leo one three yeah whatever but I read something that like our nuclear tests in the 1960s
01:12:36| they actually doubled the amount of radiation that was in the atmosphere I believe it so like doubling it point of zero zero zero one percent no difference it was Yucca Mountain so you
01:12:50| come out and stored all the nuclear wastes up to a certain point and then they outraged know that I think that was in yucatan Nevada okay look at an Yucatan this is Yucca
01:13:02| Mountain right so yeah so they stored that there until like 2012 ish and 2011 and then they ended it because so many people were outraged that you're storing this nuclear waste what do you do now
01:13:16| you give to the Morris operation which is the one that source it somewhere they're headquartered in Moore is it yeah that I don't they don't talk about it but it's kind of a crazy thing yeah
01:13:31| you would you I don't know you mean you could but it's a very slow rate high energy I don't know that the spent fuel rods have any usable appreciable energy so like maybe you get like the fungus or
01:13:45| bacteria that you're talking about down there and you can eat them up here's my thing so it's radioactive okay now it's emanating some sort of radioactive energy mm-hmm there's no way we can
01:13:57| figure out how to use that even if we study the fungus or whatever that's using it I don't know well we that's another thing is like this is shamed like for a
01:14:05| scientist to work on this stuff it's kind of difficult because you have so many deaths and there's no way to protect yourself so with that it's brutal in the back and in your meeting
01:14:13| okay I just want to say the half-life of that stuff is about it can range from like a thousand years to like 24,000 years so that's also like what you do you're not gonna remember that in
01:14:24| a thousand years that sound there I mean you should but you might not he probably won't you holding 20,000 oh yeah so you wouldn't end it on Marie Curie I actually have two other I'll start off
01:14:38| with two examples right so they when they first discovered radiation and how to manipulate it and package it and sell it as like a computer consumer good there's ringing yeah there's radio Thor
01:14:51| which was a radiated drink yeah you ready to drink so people thought it would like be like the Fountain of Youth or something but it just gave you cancer which is awful well not evident buyers
01:15:03| having buyers was the guy who sold it no Evan Byers was a famous golfer he won all these tournaments he was like the the hit he was the belle of the ball he was a good-looking guy who was an
01:15:14| athlete he spun everything sponsor them he would drink all the drinks he died he drank they were asked me he drank fourteen hundred bottles of that radiation radius
01:15:25| or did you call it radius or hey he would drink it on commercials he would drink it on his leisure time he was like a playboy he would work for the army for a little while like he was a golfer he
01:15:35| was a pro he was like ever loved done until his jaw fell off and he died of multiple cancers ha ha ha ha so that was nuts like that's insane like you don't know what it actually is and everyone
01:15:50| has this they pretend like it's gonna be the miracle cure and so radium dissolved in water yeah they would mix it with water so that you could drink it thank goodness
01:16:01| yeah the same thing happened to the watchmakers they had hands that they wanted to glow so they painted them with radium so they had women that were working the line painting these things
01:16:15| with radium and to sharpen the point of the brush that they used they would dip it on their tongues and a lot of them got cancer of the mouth and jaw and throat yeah cuz it was a I think it was
01:16:30| a deadly dose that most of them got they call them the radium girls women be shopping and some women be making watches with iridium or whatever radium radium that's why I said if you were
01:16:46| listening to the episode I said radium III tell the story I don't know story I just know she died in 1934 that's it folks oh yeah no simple I don't have any more than that I know
01:17:00| she's working out she worked on radiation almost entirely she was a person who like man into science she dedicated her whole life to it she would write her a presented some people said
01:17:10| she like brought home the stuff in her test tubes she would put stuff she said she always commented on his gentle glow like this stuff would glow in the dark but she was working on huh it was like
01:17:21| the future she never said it was dangerous in fact she carried it around with her worked on it in the open people said maybe she should be more careful with it
01:17:31| she said no it's the future of science etc etc um she died of it and she was well decorated I mean Nobel Prizes too and just once you want to there you go she want to but she won more than one
01:17:43| she did a lot of work I mean she literally laid like a lot of foundation figured out the electronic level what was going on this is back in the 1930s yeah she died in 1934 she got a Nobel
01:17:56| Prize in Physics in 1903 and then a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 so I mean she lived actually longer than I thought after the bath she did damn good job yeah especially for someone
01:18:06| working on it like carrying it around their lab code like putting in their pocket going to work and stuff her on her papers actually that she and wrote her notes on our under lock and key in
01:18:20| LED boxes in contained areas because scientists don't worry it today if the put on the whole hazmat suit to read it she actually wrote a cookbook to she was a good cook yeah to cover the radiation
01:18:35| reading no you're not allowed to read it cuz it huh Cody and written too much radiation so you can check it out online or like I guess if you wear the whole whole thing but eventually you got her
01:18:48| and uh I think she had a there's a picture yeah there's a picture of her in a mobile x-ray vehicle is mobile radiography they called him petit Curie's little Curie's yeah it's like a
01:19:06| pastry that's crazy that it's a woman to making all this headway badass she is she was kind of a badass yeah got her anything but you know that there's a shout out Marie Curie listen
01:19:19| to the podcast or she would do her life today so she would she loved it so the one thing that we didn't cover was a radioactive decay and radiocarbon dating and all that stuff yeah so thanks a lot
01:19:33| of this stuff has like an extremely long half-life and some of it like carbon-14 which we and other things eaten in aren't so exciting not exhale we eat and digest and it gets so like when we die
01:19:47| we have this like set number inside of us so anything in the last 50,000 years that has died from the carbon-14 you can tell how old it is because it's a natural thing that
01:19:56| happens with the carbon in the atmosphere it starts dating and yeah so the same thing works with other things that's how we know how old the earth is supposedly fossils and stuff right
01:20:07| mm-hmm rocks have it so if you keep calling that so what's the exit procedure so that's a different version of it's not the carbon one goes the carbon one only
01:20:16| goes to 50,000 years what this visit I want to say there are different isotopes that have a half-life that rock lasts longer yeah [Music]
01:20:28| you're trying to think of it and the fly yeah really was dude I was trying to just going through every element so they have a uranium-lead dating method they have potassium meth and uranium method
01:20:39| they have a lot of different methods of doing there's a lot of red no whatever you can different every element as a half-life is that every element that has an isotope so there's observable hath
01:20:50| lives is that we don't know that other things don't I mean everything could have a half-life we just haven't existed long enough to know that certain things last X amount of years also as a side
01:21:01| note you live in South East Pennsylvania which has higher levels of radon whoa so if you're in the basement and you get radon gas that is I think a mixture of like uranium mixing with something else
01:21:16| that produce radon so you could be in danger if you're in the basement just let me know which I think he might be yeah it's got an issue trying to get more and more my buddy
01:21:30| oh I forgot to switch it back to the okay I'll pardon me we lost the video lost the video well the audio should be fine yeah when listening it's like I didn't notice a
01:21:44| problem there room watchings like we've been staring at a graph for a long we didn't do anything special so you're okay long time folks I was making the greatest faces I looked handsome as hell
01:21:55| winder dam was a feeling this a lot like trying to well we covered everything they were good smokers to swim into the Mediterranean to an edge radiation oh yeah radioactive good song yeah radio
01:22:17| aurora solar sails radiation presser pressures photons electrons positrons solar evan flares storms to the podcast yeah radium radium girls radio Thor radon Thor fusion oh god of fission like
01:22:33| supernovas Stardust super great Nova's atmosphere a new sphere Van Allen belts yep Van Allen belts neutrons alpha beta x-ray gamma Neutron jimmy neutron star Jimmy neuter star Jimmy neutered his cat
01:22:50| radiation sickness proton therapy nuclear weapons nuclear power or poor mises horniness both of them we kind of cover it a little bit yeah just on them I think we cover it all and radiation I
01:23:04| think forget everything and to Megan into the science of radiation right now wrap up it up thank you for have it up we did it good job that's incredible I like you I
01:23:17| like radiation I like them at home we're like yeah I like quite a bit like like them a lot oh good night thanks for joining us
00:00:24| cancer what is even going on join us today and we're going to try and figure out what is going on with radioactivity so I'm Dan and I'm Nick books for old friends dissecting one topic at a time
00:00:48| people technology media we've got it all covered each discussion here is a deep dive in or unique perspective the taboo forbidden subjects they're all on the chopping block baby we don't pander to
00:01:02| popular opinion we might even get a little bit dirty warning this podcast may contain mature language and sexual content and is for entertainment purposes only so join us have a good
00:01:14| time open up your earholes [Music] all right to clarify that one there's two different types of radiation ionizing and non-ionizing the em1 is a
00:01:40| non ionizing because it just heats your body it warms you up it's like if you were to stand real quick if you were to stand backwards one step yes I'm Nick and I'm Dan just just wanted
00:01:57| really I got we ready yeah okay so if you were to stand next to an antenna like there's antennas all around you in your cell phone it heats your body like a very
00:02:06| tiny man doesn't hurt you but if you have of gigantic antenna that's trying to transmit very far it's generating a lot of energy and if you were staying really close to it you would actually
00:02:15| feel the warmth of the antenna as it heats your body series yes I didn't hear that sir Regis anyway huh be sure 100% so that's non ionizing four kinds yes why is that because it's radio waves
00:02:30| they're like harmless is that why yeah because it's so like the ionizing part is creating ions or charged particles so one like something hits you it creates a cascade so you're gonna have charged
00:02:40| particles cascading off your body or through your body train your body doing yes exactly it's a pinball machine of danger right well Robinson but a radio wave emitting thing because radio waves
00:02:55| are pretty weak folks at home radio waves and I'm really that big a deal yeah I'm not gonna scary pretty weak pretty weak they go long distances so let me tell you that new waves of energy
00:03:06| energy that we're talking about yeah pretty much closely we're talking about energy but mostly radiation tonight so get your science degree out you probably still
00:03:19| paying loans off then are $600 a month not a big deal hopefully you got a job doing god I'll ruling power plants is that what most people do mm-hmm yeah yeah anyway polish off your degree
00:03:32| huh yeah get it out and immediately jump in the comment section and tell us every tiny detail or wrong keyword we use it'll be great it would help us to know that granite has a little
00:03:45| I literally read this and thought it was false because my new job is with marble and or linen I'm not gonna get specific but uh the truth yeah that's like the whole plan that has like a little bit
00:03:58| sprinkled with it so grandpa's after Mike was that for it interesting because marble is limestone rock metamorphosized just extreme pressure and heat very similar to granite but not exactly
00:04:11| granite is actually igneous rock so it's it's rock made from magma mica feldspar something's from deep in the core areas of the earth in the mantle huh so actually that liquefied magma
00:04:27| interacts with different rock cools is hardens forms amazing stratification mm-hmm but that makes sense so now you're getting stuff that's deep in the earth deep in the earth is fairly
00:04:41| radioactive but it's completely harmless so okay it's not yeah no one's eating granted so it's not gonna get inside of you hopefully what if you're having sex with the granite slabs in the back at
00:04:54| work you're probably okay you're probably gonna well it depends how you're using it good point there are gonna get radiation is that what you're saying yeah everyone out there um so
00:05:10| let's start with I guess the source of it all stars stellar radiation the Sun slow down the earth is a Sun our Sun is a star I'm confused our Sun is a summer the Bible ha ha ha sorry if I've been a
00:05:28| Bible kid my whole no idea oh boy you're Tommy there's the Sun which the yellow one and then the stars that are tiny white dots are the same thing yes that's wild
00:05:40| I don't know that I believe it but I'm going to talk to my priest next Wednesday and we're going to see if you're a liar we should do it like interview different priests and get all
00:05:51| their answers but for those who don't know stars are all sons and sons are all stars so your mind folks oh god did I blow you priests blow you away
00:06:12| someone got excited I don't know so our Sun is a star it's in the general path of average even know I read somewhere that it was like 330 times the size of the earth that it was like if
00:06:35| you took the mass of our solar system the Sun was like 99.98% of the solar system it was that that's how massive it is and Jupiter was like probably point oh nine percent rest of the planets
00:06:48| combined really point zero zero zero zero one person probably you're probably spidel and I actually don't know what post massive and it's constantly crushing things inside of it super
00:07:00| massive super friggin hot I'm super friggin in the middle my friend Nicholas Copernicus said was in the middle and the Pope personal friend of his excommunicated him from
00:07:15| the church the Pope didn't like that wait the earth was flat wait was it I figure what he said no no they surmised I love they surmise that the earth rotated around the Pope was that it the
00:07:31| planets and the Sun rotated around the earth I'm kind of the center of attention I created us why wouldn't we be hanukkah's looking through all these
00:07:40| calculations like a telescope he's like I think we're circling the Sun is that that and he was like I'm just gonna publish his papers that okay boom they stamped it wrote excommunicated you're
00:07:52| no longer in the Catholic Church he had to serve jail time I only know this because his name is similar to mine so I was like oh but um yeah so he he was excommunicated served jail time and was
00:08:07| like blackballed by like tons of people because he said we circle something else the Sun the Sun yeah right Wow but literally we do it's the biggest
00:08:18| thing in the solar system as input and it gives us heat light and light and radioactive bursts radiation yeah revolution trying to kill us and he this at the same time yeah so helium and
00:08:38| hydrogen are all crushing together and it's making it so that what radiation is emitting from those particles as they get fused it's called fusion and at the same time the the outer areas of the Sun
00:08:51| they're having photons emitted from them a photon is generated from the change of an electron when it jumps up and down what did you know photons are generated closer to the core
00:09:02| oh they're I look at did you know did you know they're emitted from the early shoot yeah they emit outward from the core they shoot around in all these
00:09:11| convection zones which are constantly subverting heat and matter inwards and outwards kind of like an ocean current like sounds like that so yeah okay they're constantly shooting around a
00:09:23| photon can have been born and just be circulating and ping-ponging around and arcade bawling and moving around and Wizarding around inside the Sun for millions of years before it even reaches
00:09:37| the surface and then shoots straight out how would do they know that they just know dude this is a guy who literally worships science his whole life and he's like huh how do they know like I'm just
00:09:52| yeah I know you're clicking and research I wanna start up a nerd and but he researches me all my spur-of-the-moment knowledge and he's about to tell us all that if photons are nothing but
00:10:02| electromagnetic waves so I guess they could like radiating vibrate back and forth they could shift I don't think that I don't know that they flow around in circles but I'm not saying they do
00:10:14| but they do shoot around they go back and forth okay because of these convection zone so like if they're in us you know and anyway I'm not going to get too crazy and do it okay we can be
00:10:22| thousands upon thousands of years or photon generated finally reaches the earth the sun's surface and then shoots out at 300,000 kilometers per second no meters per second no kilometers no
00:10:36| meters meters thank you okay I believe something I don't know what it is I don't know what it is I don't know and I get coupons Christ it's 300,000 per all intensive purposes
00:10:54| you know correct me these four hundred thousand meters per second okay kilometers anyway do you know how long that takes to reach the earth at that point like seven minutes am i right
00:11:04| eight eight point three minutes for light to travel from the Sun to the earth so it shoots out here 300 thousand meters per second and eventually reaches degree huh um but this happens how many
00:11:17| time tell me what cons would you say the Sun generates oh I don't know I was actually can you so can you you can there I read a story about someone asked what was the weight of photons
00:11:30| hitting the earth and someone said almost nothing I'm gonna have to look this up a little bit of subatomic so that was what it was it was not that a photon doesn't weigh anything
00:11:48| so a photon weighs nothing but it has energy with it so the energy that a photon can impart can impart a force yes a tiny bit of force because trying to go check it yeah it's on the entire face of
00:12:01| the planet I believe this summary was that it's almost like someone is dropping like a very large car like a very massive car on the on earth constantly right but like that force is
00:12:16| almost nothing cuz the earth is so large but you can use it as like a solar sail so that was like some of the spacecraft ideas out there that you have this giant sail capturing all the force of photons
00:12:27| which will push push you away from the Sun and you got a big of a surface there you need them I don't know because you have no force that's pulling you back true yeah I
00:12:39| don't disagree with that but we're talking about the force of a car over the surface area facing the Sun so even half of the earth would be heaven on a large car wouldn't it it's kind of like
00:12:52| the the idea between like a neutron engine is that they fire just like one but they keep firing them over and over again so like the amount over time that you would move gets more and more you
00:13:02| get more and more acceleration as you have the solar sail because there's nothing stopping you yes it makes sense so keep accelerating indefinitely I don't have to double double check this
00:13:13| one of the three stream real quick what our Sun does is it eventually forces - it's so heavy it's so big it's so hot and gravity at its core is so powerful it's essentially forcing two hydrogen
00:13:26| atoms together which sounds like whoa hydron alien both I'm sure okay yes sir most science the episode ever and is tricky already the sun's tricky will be everything we say will be wrong
00:13:42| but it'll be close to being right so take it with a grain of entropy but the force is so strong that it shoves these two sub these two elements together so hard that they break the rules of the is
00:13:57| a weaker strong attractive force no idea damn it there's a rule work items they I think it's the strong one because the strong one is what the then so the neutrons are in between the protons we
00:14:09| didn't even talk about the structure yet so electrons on the outside protons and neutrons in the middle and the neutrons get in the way of the protons because if the protons were touching they'd be
00:14:16| forced away by like a force of like 20 pounds which would shoot them way out of it which is which one strong nuclear force is the one that Neutron provide sources of not touch like at this level
00:14:29| there's fundamental rules they don't touch so the Sun is like I'm so big I'm so heavy I'm so powerful you're gonna touch the Sun is essentially forcing things to touch that should not be
00:14:42| touched and I don't approve of it but it keeps us warm yeah it gives us life if it the Sun did exist we would I be dead right but it's forcing these things together and then they they
00:14:55| become highly unstable and they have to explode essentially the dumbest way to explain it yeah and the transfer of them combining together there's energy and
00:15:06| radiation and those on them on combining that happens both ways okay that's fine yes either way who won Nate when a couple forces released when they uncouple because they are screaming to
00:15:25| be released because that that's a very unnatural state for them and it's on the table weird they don't like touching each other they're related like they're you know I mean it's like what is it
00:15:36| like Nick cousins or something yeah I was gonna be like two cousins at gunpoint [Laughter] the gunman leaves really gonna do
00:15:50| they're not gonna finishing a pull apart so strong it just rips a hole in the tent up in the Poconos where they were forced it's like maybe in George Michael is that for those the two characters
00:16:00| yeah there's a couple lines a couple quotes I can we can dial back to we won't get into it hmm and Lizzie was pregnant yeah like dozens of times wait what yes
00:16:18| no we made that one like in a soup she was made like what like a you know anyway just to sum it up the Sun will literally run to all of its fuel at some point is forcing these two elements
00:16:39| together it burns through it it takes a real long time literally half the star's life you know think when when there's no more helium or hydrogen to merge together it's still trying to combine
00:16:50| things together and the things that it's combining together a larger nitrogen so it forces them together and at this point to force those two elements together it has to be bigger because you
00:17:04| need more gravity you need more downward force pushing these two things together and making them cousins in the tent you know what I mean you got to be a bigger man with a bigger gun so now this
00:17:15| is out to here it's not as hot anymore because it's to get more surface area but it's a bigger star so put your son right so then it actually runs through that quicker than it did the hydrogen
00:17:27| and helium much quicker and then all we got left is helium and c22 and which ones in a carbon and then neon it sounds like neon with it sure could be beyond why don't we know what any is then we're
00:17:44| throwing milk so at this point it's getting so big because it has two crushed bigger elements together like these these are bigger molecules like it's not like helium which you can push
00:17:58| together pretty easily these are like more complex structures and you're pushing them together so you need more weight more gravity more power you're getting bigger but you're also burning
00:18:09| through your full fuel faster and faster the next stop we got oxygen and carbon let's throw that in together those are both so much bigger than hydrogen helium it's kind of ridiculous
00:18:21| now the Sun is getting huge I'm talking huge people as our president might say so it's it's getting bigger it's getting crazier the next step it tries to force oxygen neon and magnesium together I
00:18:37| don't know if you guys have ever tried to course it's that's like and it's already gets awkward yeah they're saying that by the time this our Sun which will reach these stages in like five hundred
00:18:52| no three billion years I would say it's on the billion I thought it was the fork tonight we'll go in here three four billion years okay so our weight article our earth is that you know hold on we're
00:19:03| getting bigger bigger now the Sun is like literally right outside your front door it's like hitting mercury next stage it's got a hit Venis guess who's next folks us so its final stage
00:19:15| for most stars we're trying to fuse iron and nickel together and I don't know if you've ever done that it's nearly impossible I've tried it in my backyard right it's so big
00:19:34| the star is like it's beyond where earth is so we would be swallowed by the Sun congratulations we're gone it's over four billion years had a good run earth at that point fusion actually stops
00:19:48| because you can't force those two together via the constructs of gravity and standard models and flubbing through terms at this point but it's fine it can't and it literally comes crashing
00:20:02| down and explodes our boom explosion its shooting dust at every direction it's choosing all that hydrogen helium neon nitrogen carbon and if it's you know a bigger star like ours is like on the
00:20:16| medium size we got some neon magnesium we got silicon you got what's I don't even know what s is s is so glasses sodium no and then a sodium puts a pocket what is a solver I make sense
00:20:33| good big nickel ligand sulfur running around you're correct to get it okay but anyway I'm talking it just goes it's just spews a whole bunch of random stuff everywhere everywhere every element and
00:20:48| that's how we formed on earth and so that all that crap got thrown over the galaxy and then got sucked up and accreted well think of it this way yeah I mean this
00:20:57| has been happening for eons and eons and that's how when that solar dust and galactic wind takes it wherever the hell it wants the universe at some point couple billion years who knows maybe it
00:21:08| starts spinning these starts gathering some ice forms gets all thick starts getting together well now you got that neon in there you got some ice mix well we got some iron
00:21:19| you get on earth Millar's engine carbon dioxide is when the universe started was just hydrogen I think right and then eventually we got higher denser
00:21:30| and denser Sirius density kind of gives us more elements gives us more flexiblity as we're stuff boom okay well that nickel and iron and stuff that's literally alive in our bodies today it
00:21:44| ain't from the ground it's from stars that's pretty cool we're made of like the star dust those remains of stars and star dust literally yeah kind of cool so and also radiations us go bad which is
00:22:00| our next step yeah so along with the photons and the radiation that come from the Sun we have our planet so I guess what are the things that protect us from those if you're on the space station
00:22:13| you're still within Earth's atmosphere it magnetosphere it's still protecting you from a certain amount of radiation and then you have to hold the ship that also protects you from some and there
00:22:25| are moments that they need to hide in certain areas that are more shielded because of radiation events they know ahead of time like is there like we may have multiple a suite a family of
00:22:38| radiation detectors which can tell them ahead of time slightly okay like 20 minutes I'm security probably have a few minutes okay if you're pooping and you just started pooping oh well yeah
00:22:51| luckily there's a slight vacuum and the poop just right out so you're good quick drop and go Thanks so the earth does the same thing for us we have atmosphere above us that is just deflecting all the
00:23:06| radiation so nullifying it and then the manganese sphere the ozone all that stuff saving us from photons and radiation Agni this fear is it stomach magnets we have magnets yeah it's the so
00:23:19| the earth has a core that's magnetic and then it's made of nickel nickel and iron I believe iron those are too heavy heavy substances yeah very heavy I think I know where they can I can't start
00:23:32| when mm-hmm interesting just those spinning causes some kind of magnetic sphere right yeah yeah back so that's rotating spin over each other mm-hmm gives us that strong magnetic
00:23:46| field that just over everything so that all this radiation kind of hits it and uh just like see that yeah you can see it through the aurora well that's great good rora borealis is one of the other
00:24:03| yeah folks that's literally our magnetic shield kicking radiations ass a little bit right exactly the particles hitting our field that would otherwise have maybe hit us and
00:24:19| just going it's like a light saber essentially mm-hmm and there's to Aurora's there's a roar borealis and Aurora Australis for the Southern Lights we like the borealis we never heard
00:24:33| about those droughts ones because who cares about those aren't that many people don't see those and they see that one I assume I mean they're not evil they're a fish what about Antarctica I
00:24:44| guess could you see it in parts if you were habitable biddable I guess you could yeah The Hobbit so that's one of the curious things that like ghosts or the poles and then these fields are also
00:24:54| like through the planet so I think it's like off-kilter a little bit so there's another thing is but so is our tilt mmm-hmm yes hopefully related yeah so with the the Space Station thing where
00:25:08| it's rotating around the earth in different paths there's a certain path that goes over the South Atlantic anomaly which is right where one of those I think they're called Van Allen
00:25:20| belts it like goes through the earth like 15 years you see we've got memory lane I hope people falling along super plant planets have those uh it depends on the planet I think ray it has there
00:25:36| not many in it field yeah I don't think any of her in an our solar sister does Judah does I entered once and I won't you don't see it like that because they have to have a lick
00:25:45| would and solid core and I believe mercury don't it's fried to hell Venus don't cuz it doesn't get ours does Mars house there's a liquid and in the Attic of Mars liquid the inner core is solid
00:26:03| the rotation of the liquid over the solid is actually what causes the field I thought right Mars has like a core some mantle and that's it but I think it's heavy metal I don't believe it's
00:26:16| anything legit jupiter has the biggest magnetic field in like the universe that might mean a Romar's to sources I don't think Mars has a magnetic need is fair anymore that's what I said I said it
00:26:31| doesn't have one okay just make sure I thought you said you did it did oh no no I thought you said earth are you are the earth to us yeah okay okay that's cool might yeah
00:26:46| so that so they're the Van Allen belts for redirecting radiation the South Atlantic anomaly that is is actually going through like the tip of South America and like some part of the ocean
00:27:00| too so when the space station is rotating through they know that that certain path has an excess of radiation so they know to prepare for it they can see it and plan for it how long does it
00:27:12| take them to go around the earth I thought it was 30 minutes oh that's wild so every time they go over well do they only go over to that spot once every like month because their trajectory
00:27:23| changes every time or is it the same path every day I have no idea it's a path that shifted by I don't know how many I've only seen this like graphically displayed so I would assume
00:27:34| that it probably goes through like maybe three passes and maybe it's like a maybe hundreds of miles wide so it might shift its path by a hundred or so miles every time it passes the earth and it keeps
00:27:44| pushing that oh does that mean what does that mean um we get like like it could be weeks before you even worry about that again or am I talking like a day like where you
00:27:59| it's random I think it might be a week every other week or so it may seems reasonable that's might be bullshit but it seems reasonable to me those reasons will make this great talking on a
00:28:13| podcast folks that's called being a star and I don't mean the kind that blow up and shoot iron and coal and oxygen everywhere all over the universe so I guess you hit us the right way we might
00:28:26| explode and you're waiting for me and I was like that's fine how do you detect radiation do you know I'm gonna tell you I don't but yes you can actually a Geiger counter
00:28:47| oh yeah so their methodology for doing it is uh oh we got one they usually have ghost busters about okay pal yeah the ways I've seen it done is it usually it's like a very high
00:29:04| voltage so you're kind of adding energy as things pass through it and it rips the electrons off of that piece of radiation and then redirects it towards what's called a Faraday cup and then you
00:29:15| can pick up that very small piece of radiation and measure it and you can bin it and tell you it can tell you like what type of radiation it is so technically is it a drop in voltage it's
00:29:25| we register as a spy area in radiation yes that's crazy that's cool so if you're reading a steady current a voltage and it drops because things are ripping away
00:29:37| electrons yeah it's it's exactly it's ionizing the medium that you're providing so usually the medium is propane it's like a very pure version of propane no kiddin I didn't know this I
00:29:50| can be other mediums too but the ones I've spare them propane is really reactionary that's my god yeah yeah sweet do I didn't do that so I want to say where's the next
00:30:04| natural direction like nuclear stuff or you want to talk about a discovery of we can talk about the types of radiation okay so there's five different types there's alpha beta x-ray gamma and
00:30:18| neutron so alpha is actually quite large it's one of the larger ones that background radiation no there's well there's galactic cosmic radiation which is always happening which is just like a
00:30:32| spew of stuff and it's like you know you can't tell what that is if you were to measure yeah if you had some really sensitive device and you put it down in your table every now and then it would
00:30:44| get hit that's how they discovered cosmic radiation background they're getting random random pings yeah I mean I've measured it before and you could it definitely is it's it's measurable over
00:31:02| a period of time for the audience for the lay man when the universe began they think explode out of a Big Bang correct mm-hmm boom well all that stuff doesn't stop
00:31:15| Energy's still going keeps going because nothing nothing stops energy unless it hits a solid object or it converts that energy to something else right so it's just still going always going right
00:31:27| nothing will ever stop it until hit something or whatever reacts with something that energy has been going on for how many billion years breanne oh I don't know that we know how
00:31:37| old the universe is we had a pretty good number I'm I thought we had for the earth it was like 4.5 sighs ago the universe with a 16-bit age of the universe I thought it was ten times that
00:31:53| I know it 16 but I could be off I really literally 13.8 billion years I don't know how we know that it was hit by a meteor I think this is the meteor that hit in Arizona New Mexico universe god
00:32:07| dammit stop confusing and not not evil it's not each of the you universe the meteor that hit the earth was older than what the earth was yeah and now I think that's where they got the number from no
00:32:21| this is age of the universe weren't rocks back then how could there be a meteor you're you're out of your zone you better you better take a step back mmm
00:32:30| there were no rocks there were no meteors I'm talking the age of the universe right not our solar system anyway the idea was 13.8 billion years ago our universe exploded from a small
00:32:44| point to a very large point this energy has cooled down but it's still traveling it's lost some of it some frequency so and it's lost its temperature so now it resonates at two point four degrees
00:32:58| Kelvin which is like almost zero it's the coldest that's how a constant in the universe no no we it's the trajectories of our relative planet so that we can see it all started from a general area
00:33:11| and that that area would have taken X amount of time to get to where we are now okay with that proportional test it was all centralized but I was just going to say this this energy is still out
00:33:23| there today yeah it's spreading through the universe just constantly it's always going it's part of the universe essentially it's as far as we can see into the universe but
00:33:34| what's funny is if it were a higher level like if it were vibrating in a larger frequency it could be visible like it would just be lugging as far as we could say it'd
00:33:45| be like in a room just filled with like light how annoying might not be just a universe filled with light like a microwave like almost this microwave below or above radio waves it's in that
00:34:00| zone right oh man you're making me I'm sorry I was trying to bounce off because I don't know the answer but anyway it's like super cooled off it's super low-key and when scientists were taking pictures
00:34:11| of like the universe or like it's really fuzzy we're getting all this feedback it's like that's everywhere in the universe and that all has an origin one point that's why we're pretty sure there
00:34:22| was a big old bang or everybody got together and kaboom kaboom cabal so microwaves are a lower frequency than visible light just below visible light microwave Henri
00:34:39| yeah microwave radio and then ultra-low frequency once and then above it above visible light is ionizing radiation cool that's not like our next step yes yes yes the easy HTTP so back to the types
00:34:56| we talk about galactic cosmic radiation the alpha particles so they're very big particles they're 2 neutrons and two protons that get knocked out of the nucleus of another atom look at the big
00:35:11| ol does it have to be it could be any atom it has to have at least 2 protons and 2 neutrons I don't know which ones it is specifically I think there's still a bunch the interesting fact here is
00:35:25| that like the think they since they're larger it's slower plus it also gets captured by other things so like if you have a piece of paper it's not gonna go through the piece of paper so it's
00:35:33| completely harmless yeah it will get caught on paper yeah so like a piece of papers on protective with that's awesome yes now the only caveat there is that you don't want to swallow the Alpha
00:35:46| source because it will then emit radiation inside your body and that could possibly get stuck somewhere radiation going people have swallowed radiation sources by accident before I
00:36:00| could be in liquid something's up there but by accident like that kind of a situation well they're like I think the Russian spies have used this to poison people before like they put radioactive
00:36:09| liquid inside of drinks so that when that person drinks it they become radioactive it can kill them pretty quickly depending on that's why are you acting yes depending on the
00:36:20| radioactivity yeah yeah so then you have beta particles there's a little different they can emit electron or positron which is the opposite of electron kind of we're not gonna explain
00:36:33| it don't worry about it but that can actually go through paper and then it would hit like maybe wood or a little bit um and stop so again you're protected if you're
00:36:42| wearing clothing usually if if you're wearing clothing orgy around yeah folks don't don't pull a Marie Curie do some science naked not saying that she did I'm just if she did
00:37:03| that was a mystery don't know yeah so the next ones are smaller and they make less sense so x-ray everyone's had an x-ray before it could pierce through your body you can get you know densities
00:37:14| of your body by looking at an x-ray because the densities block some of it it makes the picture lighter or darker depending on that and then gamma there both of those are types of waves so it's
00:37:27| like a it's kind of like flowing through you an energy flowing through you a good way and in a good way so things like iron or lead they're really thick and they slow them down enough to stop them
00:37:38| you can also use water and water is what the neutrons get stuck in as well the neutrons they fall in love with the polar uh nature of water that's great thing yeah I think as water is really
00:37:51| dense we talked about was it specific heat of water that's like one of them both telling you with one of the weirdest substances yeah the universe it's squishy
00:38:02| yeah renowned squishy yeah no yeah it's it's like a complex moving things I said hydrogen bonds polarity specific heat one of those three things probably covers it
00:38:16| we probably covered it yeah and by squishy I don't mean non-newtonian it means water is incompressible so that's that helps because there doesn't get pushed out of the way it's not it's not
00:38:26| a pushover and that's the types so I covered up alpha beta x-ray gamma and that's why we get a lead bit right yeah that's why it protects your balls I hopefully is long
00:38:41| enough to cover your balls what movie is it I started to say this before the podcast there's a movie where a guy is talking to his dentist he's like a guy no big deal and they got like the things
00:38:51| teamed right it is junk and then the bit there but as the dentist walks away or the doctor walks away the bid falls they take all these exercise and I think this is like he gets a
00:39:02| settlement from the state for it but like it's like a sad moment and it's like Joe Dirt or it's a movie like that and I've seen a movie or something where you feel bad for the main character
00:39:15| because he's like everyone kicks on them and like here he is back in 1994 and he finds that like a Joe Dirt's father or something now it's oh maybe I dunno now it's just someone slapping kill like
00:39:30| he'll be fine you know just hang out here and we'll take a picture and then like it slides off and he's like that bad like so that was with one of the things like working with radiation you
00:39:42| fear for your balls because it's like the same thing with chemo is like all your rapidly generating cells can be affected by the radiation going through them same thing with your jeans like
00:39:54| your DNA can be changed so if you have a radiation source near your balls your genes could change and then you could express them to somebody else who could then make a modified human the best way
00:40:07| of saying it freak mutant I said okay weird so what does radiation do to ourselves exactly I would say on the large scale if you've looked at so I looked at radiation sickness and the
00:40:23| people that have it it's like they have holes in their bodies like it every now and then like if you're look at someone's forearm it'd be like they'd be like looking at
00:40:31| freckles but the freckles on an x-ray would be the holes generated by the energy that the x-ray has deposited there or the the radiation is the positive there so those plays this wise
00:40:42| it's important cuz usually we have a hole the body repairs it funny yeah I don't think on that scale so like not only is there a massive amount of heat so most people get like some heat issues
00:40:55| they also have like just their atomic level although what's going on every single thing on their body is getting affected by that radiation plus their DNA changings or like if you get hit
00:41:06| with it and it doesn't kill you you probably have cancer later on and the cancer is gonna be like throughout your whole body because all of your DNA is now flip
00:41:13| change all right cool so I did some research into this and I'm trying to recall my my college but uh you know what did you come across hormesis I have no idea what that is all right cool so
00:41:28| the idea is anytime you get a large dose of radiation it's bad it can least increases in cancer what it essentially does is it hits your DNA strands and just gives them all some rip
00:41:40| some quality stuff sometimes it keeps them in part but wobbles them around so then I'm gonna tries to duplicate you're making like mangled DNA that doesn't serve the damn purpose it's mutating it
00:41:53| essentially yeah well the idea was large amounts of radiation will give you large amounts of change so they start doing tests so moderate amounts of radiation should give you moderate amounts of
00:42:03| change and low doses of radiation or LDRs it becomes important because this is a sticking point OPRS it should give you low but negative changes your body is in actively correcting the changes
00:42:16| that happen due to radiation all the time correct so what's interesting is they're not allowed to do these tests on humans anymore it's very highly debated and the last article I read on it was
00:42:27| from 2015 so I don't know that we've put this to bed but the idea was low-dose radiation actually isn't bad for people they've been doing Studies on rats and mice and things which they can do the
00:42:40| one and apparently low doses of radiation force the cells to go into what's called like a cell radiation repair thing um they they compared it a little bit to any high stressor placed
00:42:52| on yourselves in a low amount like exercise fasting extreme cold I know Mark Wahlberg does that and I was from the therapy anko but um doing that in small doses forces your body to come and
00:43:05| repair these hills and while it's repairing this it's not actually a super threat it starts repairing other cells it's like oh we're here to fix everything let's repair everything let's
00:43:14| make everything cold proof let's really get to it exercise does something similar fasting does something similar the idea is low-dose radiation they they found in
00:43:25| mice at least that and even in gestation when Mikes are pregnant they've been hitting them with low-dose radiation those mics that are born they didn't have any mutations may
00:43:38| be a coincidence maybe not when they hit them in their childhood with radiation again there was less effect on those mice that I'm than a mouse not affected by radiation earlier on so it sells that
00:43:50| almost adapted to radiation poisoning radiation problems and they were like we see this all the time it's not a big deal again in low doses any high dose would kill anything but low dose builds
00:44:02| up a tolerance against radiation and they surmise may I say then eventually it we're doing space travel it might not be a bad idea to get low-dose radiation as a part of our preparation a little
00:44:18| bit because you're going to get affected by radiation it's already proven that these mice they they reacted better to diabetes healing I'm not sure why diabetes but
00:44:29| maybe that was the only one that proved positive I'm not here to vie for them just that the 2015 article seemed to do a good job but it was like too much of something is a very bad thing but is
00:44:41| there a minimum radiation level where maybe your body and cells can learn from it and so I have heard stories of people that so like when you're testing like a radiation detector you have a beam of
00:44:56| radiation that is hitting the detector I've heard stories of people getting in the way of the beam and it like hitting part of their body and like that part of the body regenerates and looks younger
00:45:07| than the other part of the body but again I don't know how scientifically valid that is or if it like very little is done like the consequences of having that happen 10 years later so you don't
00:45:20| know if there's some sort of cancerous effect that happens as a latent effect that's what they said about the mice they were like it's only been 10 years of studies like in 20 years it turns out
00:45:30| that all of these LDRs low-dose radiation close cancer then I guess it's not worth it anyway yeah and that's part of the problem with doing like a round trip to Mars is that
00:45:39| you get a whole bunch of radiation that you wouldn't be able to account for protect from once you leave earth no magnetosphere now you got the ship in that's yeah protecting it they surmise
00:45:49| that you ignorant you would have to have to like a store of water that was blocking you so they probably have like an area of the ship that would be like covered in a wall of water yeah they
00:45:59| still just jump in the pool guys let's we'll get warm oh my god 3d turds this is just tracted - i had it no it was right around when you started talking about getting the radiation
00:46:24| low-dose radiation should we pass it over you'll come back to it no damn it was perfect so we can talk about human health because one of the cool things the cool things I I experience a little
00:46:39| yes the cool thing was so in order to test certain things you have to take it to an area that makes radiation essentially so that they make high high-energy beams or high energy systems
00:46:53| yeah pretty side effects oh yeah make sense yeah so there's there's like sources and sources you can just kind of like open a window and then like it hits it but it's
00:47:03| not very strong and it's not very consistent so like in order to measure like a certain amount they usually do it for electronics like mean time to failure they'll hit it with a certain
00:47:12| amount of radiation to prove that it's gonna last a certain amount of time and electronics collect and radiation so they absorb heat and gather electrons so if you were running something that has
00:47:24| maybe like it's older it's like thicker it's more robust and doesn't get affected by radiation as much but things that are newer yes so like newer technologies are more
00:47:37| susceptible to radiation could a man dinner there's nowhere else for the against the surface there's no surface area yeah there's less of it I would call it a service area
00:47:47| yeah yeah even though I'm sure it's more complicated I'm sorry yes no that will simplify it that way so like certain things like memory arts like memory cards get damaged
00:47:56| really quickly or like the newer processors get damaged pretty quickly so space industry is looking pretty hard for those like still yes I do yeah a little like you stick in a little great
00:48:07| thing have great cartridge it would hold up better in space than an i7 processor so you're saying to the to compare it to the same memory if you had a NAND flash role I can't compare the two but
00:48:23| sticking ones of processor but I just wanted to make that sorry that's a different functionality so I won't compare the two yeah but if you have like a nude like NAND flash like one of
00:48:36| the one new new flash cards like that would get damaged in the first probably okay mmm interesting so back to the so in order to hit it with a certain amount of radiation they have something called
00:48:46| a cyclotron which is like it's this thing that spins up like literally spins up in like a circle radiation and then like they have like a whole disc of radiation that they kind of like
00:48:57| redirect through pipes there are literal pipes in the ceiling and they're like deflecting it so they have these different rooms to hit with the radiation and those rooms get like
00:49:08| really staticky it's really weird has like all the extra electrons they you can feel them that's it's interesting and then the one I went to is actually part of a medical facility so we were in
00:49:21| the basement testing things and we would get windows in between when they're helping patients with cancer I was called proton therapy so it was really really so proton therapy is the whole
00:49:36| goal is that you're directing a beam into a person's body and then the radiation has a certain kind of like time to live it hits a certain depth and then it will release its energy so if
00:49:48| you can direct it right on the cancer then the cancer can take the full dose of the energy and it destroys its DNA it also heats it up and then it killed it literally where I was going when I
00:50:00| forgot my turn is any time radiation therapy in general didn't have to be the proton one but how does that how do they make it happen like that how do they know I guess they hit a cluster
00:50:14| of cancer cells yes they map it out ahead of time oh oh yeah dude it's just like yeah we're just gonna spray it all over your body you'll be fine you say your arm right okay let's hit so so they
00:50:34| map a cluster let's say it's I'm picking my arm because it's an extremity it's easier for me to imagine uh-huh uh-huh I don't why I get into there yeah so let's say I had cancer here to here so we zero
00:50:44| in on here to here we zero in on the depth of the cancer and we literally shoot for kind of the middle of the cancer block and we shoot radiation at it radiation that we just discussed is
00:50:57| not good so a high dose we hit right here we go bring the middle the cancer and we hope this radiation screws up this cancer cells so bad that it just breaks them apart and on top of that
00:51:11| they can't reproduce on top of that they keep energy that me hasn't dispersed somehow and maybe heats up some of the cancer surrounding it it's mostly the ripping of the DNA of the cancer cells
00:51:23| so they can't even come back from it so but also in doing that you're probably gonna hit a whole bunch of innocent cells to correct right yeah so the coolest part of it is that they use
00:51:34| protons because protons of a specific distance and then they go off their energy I think it's called like Broga like dia the the spike of energy and the drop-off is very specific with that
00:51:46| proton energy so they do that and they also in order like they map out what the cancer looks like and they have a 3d image of it and then they take a blank which is like a brass plate that's like
00:51:58| three inches thick that's how they modulate how far in it damages it so they'll give you this breast plate and then machine out like the the reverse of what your cancer looks like so that it
00:52:10| slows down the particle enough so that will drop at a specific location that's really it's really cool so what is the brass toe it hits it and that is yeah interesting
00:52:23| it makes the distance shorter for that proton to drop its energy and we know the distance exactly because yeah it's been tested it out and they ever have a cyclotron where they're measuring the
00:52:34| exact amount of energy that's captured in that radiation it's pretty cool yeah it's sweet stuff sweet stuff so shout out I wanted to move on to the next segment on this is literally just one
00:52:49| thing it's pretty quick all the UM Flags we've placed on the moon come across it I didn't how many fights we got up there it was like 10 2 or 3 2 or 3 we didn't give their manes I think I hit 2 or 3 I
00:53:04| mean I need google it I was just imagining do you know what color they are 6 man US landings they're not the normal color are they different color no they're all white because of radiation
00:53:15| uh hmm think about that isn't that crazy we should make a white flag for a country and claim we went to the moon I guess otherwise huh I guess I never realized that like stuff that left was
00:53:29| left in the Sun slowly fades I think they say um weren't the astronauts but footprints finally gone by now I think I don't know about that one time okay don't you say they weren't it's not
00:53:41| there's no erosion on the moon it's just way way way less than the earth I mean they're still wind the vague amounts of wind which we won't get into the flag-waving but anyway I think that was
00:53:54| set up by them to look like it was way back on the earth yes if you live near a nuclear power plant you are actually submitted to slightly more radiation than the average person
00:54:09| yes do you know that if you also live near a coal fire power to town we are submitted to way more radiation but it's true so this is the banana theory right oh we're gonna get into the
00:54:25| banana theory yes sir let's let's tell everyone at home to check out this graph so I'm gonna click on the graph right now it's free public discourse your that baby yes it was public domain so like
00:54:40| bananas accrue potassium it's a point one mic receiver that's called radiation dosage radiation dose chart so bananas accrue an isotope of potassium because they have a lot of potassium the chances
00:55:00| are that they have more radiation than other fruits it's the same thing because potassium is a heavier element that why I don't know that it's heavier just has a an isotope that exists then doesn't
00:55:13| confer you active so it's the same thing with like eating red meat they say red meat is bad for you can cause cancer of your intestines and what saw what looked like what's what have
00:55:23| you heard this before no no this is because of radiation yeah because a cow is eating fields of grass which is getting hit daily with radiation and absorbing it so the cow is
00:55:36| then internalizing all the radiation which then gets in its meat and the meat is then getting internalized by you so it's a concentration of area and like a large area of radiation so you have a
00:55:47| higher chance of the radiation getting in your body and then getting your intestines and causing us some sort of colorectal cancer so check this you know smokers take equal over 300 chest x-rays
00:56:01| over a year 300 a graph know what's what is this at with lead with lead with late' okay but you're still it's like getting an additional it's riesling every day you're getting an x-ray almost
00:56:15| a little bit almost almost do you know why though I thought this is the most interesting part is it also the same thing because of the plant a little bit concentrated because of the plant is
00:56:25| fertilized with certain radioactive elements because the higher amount of polonium-210 it's in the fertilizer not in the other stuff that causes cancer it's literally in the polonium the that
00:56:41| tobacco is fertilized and in I was like wait it's not the cancer-causing stuff but nope it's the fertilizer really that's the radiation nitrogen not to be confused with all the
00:56:54| carcinogens that are in cigarettes also I did not know this this is kind of fascinating so literally the fertilizer tobacco is filled with is radioactive to us extremely small degree but more than
00:57:13| so I'm not using right check this one sleeping next to someone emits radiation because your body's emitting radiation in point zero 5 micro that's B's whatever an SV is right I guess you're
00:57:32| assuming because they're somewhat radioactive because they've been in fertilizing mint yeah you're battling a human body right you're emitting radiation right yeah so that fertilizer
00:57:43| thing is they're using fertilizers that contain traces of heavy metals high concentrations of naturally occurring radio nuclei radiation so let's say you get a dental
00:57:58| x-ray yep that's 5 mike rowe espys okay make sense right Millie look at that familiar micro I said like what is that nilly you the you yeah its micro yet you're right
00:58:15| you're right - testin testin you so so a dental x-ray the ear you know you have to lead bid for and everything well if you were taking a plane ride from New York to LA it's already eight times Mac
00:58:38| that much more radiation do you know why yes because you're above certain zones right yeah you have less atmosphere above you for one and you're moving much faster you're going you're going through
00:58:52| a lot of atmosphere they're covering a lot of ground and you got a lot less air and atmosphere above you so you're getting exposed to a lot of radiation
00:59:01| did you know aircraft pilots and stewardesses and stuff are considered high-risk radiation people hmm might make sense if they're constantly in the air yes they are so it's a more
00:59:15| dangerous job than most people most people think I see anything else interesting right there like god I didn't know that mammogram is 400 micro s Li that's a lot so the max for a
00:59:31| yearly dose for a radiation workers 50 millisieverts right so that's on a scale of what you can maximum the maximal you can get it's a hundreth right sounds about right
00:59:43| who you compared it to I'm sorry I think the maximum yearly dose for a radiation worker is 50 millisieverts okay so that's an 400 micro is a point for ya so it's around a hundred so if
00:59:58| you get a hundred mammograms you're 40 milli so see worth so you're getting close we're getting close with 100 nanograms oh that's crazy but then we get into the redzone radiation worker
01:00:16| one-year dose limit fifty no check this out okay cool so 50 of these doses is the maximum one year limit for radiation worker right yeah I'm looking at the graph that has the RN trick eret right
01:00:35| right two times that is the lowest link to cancer yeah so if you get double this your allotment you're probably gonna get out two years two years do it right if you
01:00:47| work one-year dose it says lowest one-year dose so if you get that much in a year in a year it's like okay I know how to read English I'm pretty good pretty good at this English thing thank
01:01:04| check that out all the all the green charts combined equal to 75 you almost nothing right that's why so they I have curious story so in Japan they had that earthquake which then damaged the
01:01:20| Fukushima yeah fukushima fukushima plant say it 3,000 times so they apparently had old technology and it didn't shut off properly and they couldn't cool the cores and the cores
01:01:33| melted well rods yeah we'll talk about what that actually means in a minute but the story that I heard was pretty fascinating was that Japanese is like a society centric culture and they said
01:01:44| that the older people were volunteering to go to clean it up because they knew that it would help the younger people survive longer they knew their life wasn't as long and they were gonna get
01:01:54| cancer they're gonna die anyway so you have these people that are like in their clean up the mess wow that's pretty good Spanish yeah no ok so that's a form of seppuku I guess Oh F in the old people
01:02:15| old people are effing us so let's talk about I guess nuclear power nuclear weapons sure it's where it naturally goes right so you don't talk about Nick's nuclear weapons the two that were
01:02:27| dropped in Japan since we're already on the gym in Japan topic yeah Batman a little boy drunk from the Enola Gay on Nagasaki and Hiroshima really but you know again I think they're both the same
01:02:40| plane that's fair I always hunted sure yeah the Enola Gay was actually named after one of the pilots mothers so that's pretty awful yeah it killed like a hundred thousand people in the first
01:03:02| week instantly how many it was I think the numbers were like 125,000 so I'm just gonna say over a hundred thousand people within the first like couple days so that's the awful part of it is that
01:03:13| if you're not killing the blast you're hit with a bunch of heat hit with a bunch of radioactive stuff puts holes in your whole body that you can't even see but they slowly like melt
01:03:24| your body you just dissolve essentially and your body can't function so are the holes on a microscopic level - like your liver has holes your kidney has holes yeah things are bleeding together I
01:03:36| guess it's like a percentage of lost functionality over your whole body weird and it can vary where you wherever you get hit with the radiation so so those weapons work on a principle that you're
01:03:48| I think it was a like highly enriched uranium is put in a sphere which is then ignited causing it to rapidly give off heat and caused a chain reaction of either uranium which sends more charged
01:04:08| particles more ionizing radiation into other uranium which then causes a again cascade of energy than what yeah that's what causes the big boom big bada boom so that is awful that's horrible and I
01:04:25| don't know I mean that's one of the highly debated things that should we have used it I think we're like three months after the after we technically won world war two and Japan was still
01:04:35| fighting I'll say this I hear that a lot and the immediate reaction by me is no no one to use that ever it ruins the soil kill somebody entered some people the earth can't even grow in
01:04:49| heels but I will say this not in defense of it but um if we didn't someone eventually would and I think in doing so I think the world realized how terrible it was I mean even in it being a bad
01:05:05| decision it was decision made that may affect future decisions so if we had not dropped those bombs no one still knows if it's as bad as we say it is do don't I mean it's more a moniker of even the
01:05:22| US didn't it's bad news I think actually seeing how bad something is might make it I might make it the realization of evil Abed and that future generations can
01:05:35| learn from that cannot do it can realize this is the goddamn worst thing you can do so not that it's good but from the what the future from your youth deal with Harry tear you literally you touch
01:05:50| I can't say it for some reason you Leterrier turn you latarian yeah it is goddamnit mother effer area to write a greater good for the greater enemy yeah the trade for a trade so I think our
01:06:03| losses were somewhere in like the 1 million to 2 million range could actually look at this up in like two seconds so it's this half a million for World War two I don't know if that's
01:06:20| true it doesn't sound right I'm trusting Wikipedia but whatever military wounded so I guess dead and wounded is about a million people so if you're gonna do one
01:06:33| thing to end all wars or end the war at the present time which kills a hundred thousand people it might prevent a hundred thousand of your people dying to utilitarianism says it's probably better
01:06:45| moved but highly debated plus it the ecological effects mmm geological effects to keep grow anything they're still yeah and at least there's there's one thing I read that I didn't know is
01:07:01| that when nuclear bombs were starting to be created there was an accord that said that there had to be a second world power to buy off on them so the UK Winston Churchill actually bought off on
01:07:12| the bombing as well right mm-hm damn yeah drop bombs again though um you knew it was bad I don't think they knew helped bed it was and then dropping and I think they realized that was bad I
01:07:28| mean I mean there's no nice way to put it and I'm not saying it's right but I am saying there was a reaction yeah just plus I also think the Soviet Union was like okay we're gonna help you out and
01:07:41| it's like whoa whoa so Soviet Union moved towards Japan and took a part of Japan you would forever have Russia involved in your hemisphere you're closer to your husband's
01:07:51| hemisphere so there's strategic as well so the the function of the nuclear bomb is that you have verses like a reactor rod is that you have something that's highly enriched that rapidly explodes
01:08:05| and causes a cascade the nuclear power side of it is that it's not as enriched so it's a slower burn it's creating heat in a controlled fashion most of the time unless you lose the the features that
01:08:19| are protecting you like Fukushima or Chernobyl I think did Three Mile Island burned down I don't know there was I think they I think they saved it yet so those things are are why nuclear power
01:08:34| works how it works it's kind of like a slow heating of water in a controlled fashion that has protections and then the water turns to steam it turns turbines it's yeah yeah it's weird that
01:08:50| it's like the old the first technology to create a generator steam and then we're still using that steam method via nuclear power baby that's pretty interesting I feel like there's probably
01:09:01| a more effective way but the fact that millions of scientists and ecologists and economists and people who want to make money they haven't figured it out yet so maybe maybe it's yet to be
01:09:11| figured out I guess yeah a nuclear power is only about 10 percent of the world output of power as of 2010 have we talked about all the meltdowns and everything below voila mm-hm
01:09:26| when these things happen nothing can live all life dies etc etc did you know they um in twenty sixteen twenty fourteen somewhere in there I read the article two fungi were found in
01:09:38| Chernobyl I read a lot about the animals to some of the animals changed then we can you know at least with the fungi they were melanin based so they would feed on melanin which is what makes our
01:09:50| skin scary enough holy shit they would hold on so I don't think they could take you skin and just use it as fuel but in the chemical form melanin gets mutated a lot
01:10:02| in radiation well they were using it as fuel and I think it was like just making hyper fuel for the hyper food they were growing 500 times faster in the radiation concentrated zones than
01:10:13| anywhere else which is also interesting for scientists they think that if we could control that and like maybe use that to our advantage that would be perfect space growing food wouldn't it
01:10:25| how so well how would you fuel it oh no no like radiation if you went out into a spaceship oh and they could absorb the radiation and change it into some usable energy hey turn it into food or fuel or
01:10:41| something you can use that because radiation kills everything it touches or ruins everything but these fungi I almost said plant but we all know fungi are someone else a
01:10:53| different party or something else another interesting thing is uh in underground gold mines in South Africa there's um right in the uranium ores there's a lot of radiation naturally
01:11:06| happening they found exotic bacteria it actually transformed the radiation into food as well there's a wait a second Firmicutes so like the nuclear waste that's
01:11:22| generated from power plants that's buried waste right right that's a two phone yeah okay so it's buried in two places I think I forget what it was I want to name them but they pretty much
01:11:34| one of them in the US there are two places than us in like Washington there is one in Washington Oh red that's one of the worst spots to grow food or so yeah mess with them so they can no
01:11:47| longer do it so when I was called the more some operation which takes radioactive waste and stores it and Moore's Illinois maybe I don't know but that's the only one exists because the
01:12:00| previous one was under a mountain I didn't save that damn link where's that damn like I don't have it I won't say something similar do you know they think the Italian mob
01:12:10| was dumping waste and radioactive materials into the Mediterranean and to this day all headed Tyrrhenian the Mediterranean Sea is the most radioactive of all bodies huge bodies of
01:12:22| water I think comparatively I mean like point oh one four percent to touch Leo one three yeah whatever but I read something that like our nuclear tests in the 1960s
01:12:36| they actually doubled the amount of radiation that was in the atmosphere I believe it so like doubling it point of zero zero zero one percent no difference it was Yucca Mountain so you
01:12:50| come out and stored all the nuclear wastes up to a certain point and then they outraged know that I think that was in yucatan Nevada okay look at an Yucatan this is Yucca
01:13:02| Mountain right so yeah so they stored that there until like 2012 ish and 2011 and then they ended it because so many people were outraged that you're storing this nuclear waste what do you do now
01:13:16| you give to the Morris operation which is the one that source it somewhere they're headquartered in Moore is it yeah that I don't they don't talk about it but it's kind of a crazy thing yeah
01:13:31| you would you I don't know you mean you could but it's a very slow rate high energy I don't know that the spent fuel rods have any usable appreciable energy so like maybe you get like the fungus or
01:13:45| bacteria that you're talking about down there and you can eat them up here's my thing so it's radioactive okay now it's emanating some sort of radioactive energy mm-hmm there's no way we can
01:13:57| figure out how to use that even if we study the fungus or whatever that's using it I don't know well we that's another thing is like this is shamed like for a
01:14:05| scientist to work on this stuff it's kind of difficult because you have so many deaths and there's no way to protect yourself so with that it's brutal in the back and in your meeting
01:14:13| okay I just want to say the half-life of that stuff is about it can range from like a thousand years to like 24,000 years so that's also like what you do you're not gonna remember that in
01:14:24| a thousand years that sound there I mean you should but you might not he probably won't you holding 20,000 oh yeah so you wouldn't end it on Marie Curie I actually have two other I'll start off
01:14:38| with two examples right so they when they first discovered radiation and how to manipulate it and package it and sell it as like a computer consumer good there's ringing yeah there's radio Thor
01:14:51| which was a radiated drink yeah you ready to drink so people thought it would like be like the Fountain of Youth or something but it just gave you cancer which is awful well not evident buyers
01:15:03| having buyers was the guy who sold it no Evan Byers was a famous golfer he won all these tournaments he was like the the hit he was the belle of the ball he was a good-looking guy who was an
01:15:14| athlete he spun everything sponsor them he would drink all the drinks he died he drank they were asked me he drank fourteen hundred bottles of that radiation radius
01:15:25| or did you call it radius or hey he would drink it on commercials he would drink it on his leisure time he was like a playboy he would work for the army for a little while like he was a golfer he
01:15:35| was a pro he was like ever loved done until his jaw fell off and he died of multiple cancers ha ha ha ha so that was nuts like that's insane like you don't know what it actually is and everyone
01:15:50| has this they pretend like it's gonna be the miracle cure and so radium dissolved in water yeah they would mix it with water so that you could drink it thank goodness
01:16:01| yeah the same thing happened to the watchmakers they had hands that they wanted to glow so they painted them with radium so they had women that were working the line painting these things
01:16:15| with radium and to sharpen the point of the brush that they used they would dip it on their tongues and a lot of them got cancer of the mouth and jaw and throat yeah cuz it was a I think it was
01:16:30| a deadly dose that most of them got they call them the radium girls women be shopping and some women be making watches with iridium or whatever radium radium that's why I said if you were
01:16:46| listening to the episode I said radium III tell the story I don't know story I just know she died in 1934 that's it folks oh yeah no simple I don't have any more than that I know
01:17:00| she's working out she worked on radiation almost entirely she was a person who like man into science she dedicated her whole life to it she would write her a presented some people said
01:17:10| she like brought home the stuff in her test tubes she would put stuff she said she always commented on his gentle glow like this stuff would glow in the dark but she was working on huh it was like
01:17:21| the future she never said it was dangerous in fact she carried it around with her worked on it in the open people said maybe she should be more careful with it
01:17:31| she said no it's the future of science etc etc um she died of it and she was well decorated I mean Nobel Prizes too and just once you want to there you go she want to but she won more than one
01:17:43| she did a lot of work I mean she literally laid like a lot of foundation figured out the electronic level what was going on this is back in the 1930s yeah she died in 1934 she got a Nobel
01:17:56| Prize in Physics in 1903 and then a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 so I mean she lived actually longer than I thought after the bath she did damn good job yeah especially for someone
01:18:06| working on it like carrying it around their lab code like putting in their pocket going to work and stuff her on her papers actually that she and wrote her notes on our under lock and key in
01:18:20| LED boxes in contained areas because scientists don't worry it today if the put on the whole hazmat suit to read it she actually wrote a cookbook to she was a good cook yeah to cover the radiation
01:18:35| reading no you're not allowed to read it cuz it huh Cody and written too much radiation so you can check it out online or like I guess if you wear the whole whole thing but eventually you got her
01:18:48| and uh I think she had a there's a picture yeah there's a picture of her in a mobile x-ray vehicle is mobile radiography they called him petit Curie's little Curie's yeah it's like a
01:19:06| pastry that's crazy that it's a woman to making all this headway badass she is she was kind of a badass yeah got her anything but you know that there's a shout out Marie Curie listen
01:19:19| to the podcast or she would do her life today so she would she loved it so the one thing that we didn't cover was a radioactive decay and radiocarbon dating and all that stuff yeah so thanks a lot
01:19:33| of this stuff has like an extremely long half-life and some of it like carbon-14 which we and other things eaten in aren't so exciting not exhale we eat and digest and it gets so like when we die
01:19:47| we have this like set number inside of us so anything in the last 50,000 years that has died from the carbon-14 you can tell how old it is because it's a natural thing that
01:19:56| happens with the carbon in the atmosphere it starts dating and yeah so the same thing works with other things that's how we know how old the earth is supposedly fossils and stuff right
01:20:07| mm-hmm rocks have it so if you keep calling that so what's the exit procedure so that's a different version of it's not the carbon one goes the carbon one only
01:20:16| goes to 50,000 years what this visit I want to say there are different isotopes that have a half-life that rock lasts longer yeah [Music]
01:20:28| you're trying to think of it and the fly yeah really was dude I was trying to just going through every element so they have a uranium-lead dating method they have potassium meth and uranium method
01:20:39| they have a lot of different methods of doing there's a lot of red no whatever you can different every element as a half-life is that every element that has an isotope so there's observable hath
01:20:50| lives is that we don't know that other things don't I mean everything could have a half-life we just haven't existed long enough to know that certain things last X amount of years also as a side
01:21:01| note you live in South East Pennsylvania which has higher levels of radon whoa so if you're in the basement and you get radon gas that is I think a mixture of like uranium mixing with something else
01:21:16| that produce radon so you could be in danger if you're in the basement just let me know which I think he might be yeah it's got an issue trying to get more and more my buddy
01:21:30| oh I forgot to switch it back to the okay I'll pardon me we lost the video lost the video well the audio should be fine yeah when listening it's like I didn't notice a
01:21:44| problem there room watchings like we've been staring at a graph for a long we didn't do anything special so you're okay long time folks I was making the greatest faces I looked handsome as hell
01:21:55| winder dam was a feeling this a lot like trying to well we covered everything they were good smokers to swim into the Mediterranean to an edge radiation oh yeah radioactive good song yeah radio
01:22:17| aurora solar sails radiation presser pressures photons electrons positrons solar evan flares storms to the podcast yeah radium radium girls radio Thor radon Thor fusion oh god of fission like
01:22:33| supernovas Stardust super great Nova's atmosphere a new sphere Van Allen belts yep Van Allen belts neutrons alpha beta x-ray gamma Neutron jimmy neutron star Jimmy neuter star Jimmy neutered his cat
01:22:50| radiation sickness proton therapy nuclear weapons nuclear power or poor mises horniness both of them we kind of cover it a little bit yeah just on them I think we cover it all and radiation I
01:23:04| think forget everything and to Megan into the science of radiation right now wrap up it up thank you for have it up we did it good job that's incredible I like you I
01:23:17| like radiation I like them at home we're like yeah I like quite a bit like like them a lot oh good night thanks for joining us
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